Knowledge
Relying on _____________ to gain knowledge can be problematic because the information provided is only as good as the technique used to obtain that information. Therefore, you cannot be guaranteed the information is correct or provided to you without an agenda attached. An example we considered in class involved Stanley Milgram’s experiments of the 1960s.
A. Authority
B. Intuition
C. Tenacity
D. Knowledge
What is A. Authority?
All research involves measuring at least how many variables?
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4
What is C. 1?
A _________ __________ is a driving point of inquiry that scholars hope to answer. Typically, these are not clearly or definitively backed up by theory or data and tend to be broader in its scope.
What is a research question?
Research takes a _____________ approach to gathering and analyzing data. It is organized, involves planning and follows procedures to avoid mistakes.
What is systematic?
____________________ is a technique researchers use to re-creates some or all the aspects of a previous study, testing to see whether the results can be reproduced and confirmed. Each time the technique is carried out, the process involves the collection of new empirical evidence, leading to a growing pool of knowledge, a way to identify false and to have greater confidence in the findings.
What is replication?
When knowledge is based on __________________ it is linked to some prior instruction or belief that people are unwilling to alter. The instruction might have been taught by family, friends, religious leaders, or community members at some point in an individual’s life.
A. Authority
B. Intuition
C. Tenacity
D. Common Sense
What is C. Tenacity?
These are the two types of variables involved when considering a relationship between the variables in a study.
What are independent and dependent variables?
When existing theory on a topic is more developed, researchers can offer clear predictions about the relationship between variables. This is called a ________________and should draw upon theory or prior observation and, at minimum, state an expectation that two variables will be related.
What is a hypothesis?
Something is said to be __________________ if it is based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
What is empirical?
____________ is another “check” on research when researchers use two or more distinct research methods to explore a single topic or research question. It allows researchers to see whether different research techniques give the same outcomes. It can be thought of as pointing multiple “flashlights” in a room to get a fuller picture of the room.
What is triangulation?
A __________________ represents everything we hold to be true even if we are wrong. This might not necessarily change even if we receive contradictory information.
What is a belief?
In research involving two variables, the value of the __________________ variable helps dictate the value of the __________________variable.
What are independent and dependent?
TRUE or FALSE: A hypothesis is considered valuable ONLY if proven TRUE.
What is FALSE?
Despite existing “checks” on research, the research process still falls victim to __________________ _____________. This tends to occur because both researchers and journals often favor studies that have statistical significance.
What is publication bias?
The _________ ____ ____________ in research is the specific type of individual or thing that is being studied. Individual people are often used. But in some cases, this will not be an individual person but rather a group or even an artifact, including something created by people and left behind, such as a newspaper story or a tweet.
What is the unit of analysis?
____________________ represents what we understand to be true about the world. This will change over time based on new information we receive.
What is knowledge?
The most common type of “third variable” used in research is a ___________________ variable.
What is a control variable?
The following are examples of characteristics of _____________ _______________:
-Use of words- what or how.
-Use of non-directional wording in the question.
-The questions are usually open-ended, without reference to the literature or theory.
What are research questions?
The collective process of research offers a way to identify mistakes and develop more effective approaches to understanding the world around us. This speaks to the fundamental principle of research that states it is _____________ and ______________.
What is cyclical and self-correcting?
The _________ ____________ indicates how a concept and its dimensions will be measured by specifying the indicators that will be used. It’s the process by which a researcher defines how a concept/variable is observed and measured.
What is operational definition?
What are the 3 Ways of Knowing that are separate from gaining knowledge through research?
What are tenacity, authority, and intuition?
A ________________ _____________ between variables takes place when increasing values of one variable predict increasing values of the other variable.
What is a positive relationship?
TRUE or FALSE: Hypotheses ARE moral or ethical questions.
What is FALSE?
Research is ______________, meaning the meaning of research is shared between researchers across studies.
What is intersubjective?
________________ are the exact pieces of information specified by the operational definition that the researcher uses to observe. The sum of these captures the variable as a whole.
What are indicators?