General Applications of Research
This purpose of research is to examine a topic or problem that is not yet well understood
What is exploration?
Where would you look to see presented tables, figures, percentages, coefficients, and statistical findings?
What is the results section?
Two police officers observing the same incident should classify the level of force used similarly if they are applying the same use-of-force coding criteria. If they do, they are demonstrating high......
What is inter-rater reliability?
Type of neighborhood (urban, suburban, or rural) is what level of measurement?
What is a nominal level of measurement?
This is the process academic journals use to evaluate research before it is published
What is peer review?
This type of research involves the collection of non-numerical data, such as words and pictures
What is qualitative research?
Where would you look to see how the authors introduce the research problem, identify gaps in existing knowledge, and present the research questions or objectives of the study?
What is the introduction?
A new measure of correctional officer stress could be compared with an established occupational stress scale administered at the same time to measure....
What is concurrent validity?
The total amount of fines imposed (measured in dollars) is an example of which level of measurement?
What is an interval-ratio level variable?
This measure of central tendency is resistant to outliers within a sample and/or dataset.
What is the median?
An approach that begins with theory, then proceeds to the collection and analysis of the data and eventually results in testing whether or not the data support the theory
What is deductive methods?
Where would you look to see how the authors explain what the results mean, how they connect back to the research questions, and how they relate to previous research or theory?
What is the discussion?
Scores on a substance-use screening instrument could be compared with documented participation in substance-use treatment to measure.....
What is criterion validity?
Education level (high school, associate degree, bachelor’s degree, graduate degree) is what level of measurement?
What is an ordinal level of measurement?
This process explains precisely how a concept will be measured in a specific study
What is operationalization?
This research approach that begins with the collection of data, then proceeds to the analysis of the data and eventually results in the generation of a general set of theoretical propositions
What is inductive research?
Where would you look to see where the authors use more straightforward language to explain what the study found, why it matters, and what future research or policy should consider?
What is the conclusion?
If a scale measuring "trust in the criminal justice system" includes questions about confidence in police, prosecutors, judges, courts, and correctional institutions, it has high.....
What is internal reliability?
Court disposition (guilty plea, dismissal, acquittal, or conviction) is what level of measurement?
What is a nominal level of measurement?
This indicates how much the distribution deviates from the normal distribution.
What is skew?
This purpose of research is to design and address practical, real-world problems and help identify possible solutions
What is application?
Where would you look to see how authors explain how the current study contributes to the existing body of research?
What is the literature review?
A scale measuring fear of crime that is associated with theoretically related behaviors, such as avoiding certain neighborhoods, limiting nighttime activities, or taking additional precautions against victimization has high....
What is construct validity?
Likert scales are often used to represent what level of measurement?
What are ordinal level variables?
This principle of the Belmont Report states that researchers should minimize possible harms and maximize potential benefits to participants
What is beneficence?