An ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.
What is informed consent?
100
a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68% fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.
What is a normal curve?
100
Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.
What is placebo effect?
100
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
What is culture?
100
the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
What is mode?
200
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
What is hypothesis?
200
Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups.
What is random assignment?
200
The post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions to its participants.
What is debriefing?
200
an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
What is double-blind procedure?
200
the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
What is range?
300
a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
What is standard deviation?
300
in an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment;
What is control group?
300
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.
What is replication?
300
The middle score in a distribution, half the scores are above it and half are below it.
What is median?
300
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.
What is statistical significance?
400
the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.
What is mean?
400
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions, rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
What is critical thinking?
400
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
What is dependent variable?
400
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
What is independent variable?
400
In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment.
What is experimental group?
500
A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment.
What is confounding variable?
500
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.
What is correlation?
500
The perception of a relationship where none exists.
What is illusory correlation?
500
A statement of the procedures used to define research variables.
What is operational definition?
500
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.