Category 1
Probability sampling techniques (e.g. simple random sampling) are better than non probability techniques (e.g. convenience sampling) if we are interested in:
ensuring that the sample is representative of the target population
True or false. A quasi-experimental design controls threats to internal validity better than a pre-experimental design.
True!
The internal validity of a study is high when..
validity is high OR extraneous (confounding) variables are properly controlled
extraneous (confounding) variables are properly controlled
A counselor tells you that her therapy group results in significant improvement in quality of life for schizophrenia sufferers. In her research she gave a quality of life test to clients after the therapy program. The mean scores were high. You are still not convinced, because her study had no:
Control group
In some studies people drop out of the study; this problem is called.. attrition OR bouncing out
attrition
Experimental group is to control group as ________ is to _______.
unfix is to fixed OR treated is to untreated
treated; untreated
If a study lasts for a long period of time, participants might learn new things or grow wiser or change in some way, thereby producing a threat to internal validity known as... evolution OR maturation
maturation
Random assignment is always used in _________; Random selection can be used in _____________.
timeline; textbooks OR
a true experimental design; causal-comparative design
a true experimental design; causal-comparative design
Sometimes participants behave differently than they normally would simply because they know they are in a study (and are being observed). This threat to validity is called: Reactive arrangements OR time zones
Reactive arrangements
How do causal comparative designs differ from all other experimental designs (true, quasi, and pre)?
There is no manipulation of the Independent Variable in causal comparative
What is described in the methods section of an empirical quantitative article? Design and participants OR limitations
Design and participants
A strength of probability sampling is... representativeness and generalizability OR framing
representativeness and generalizability
You run a causal comparative study. You find counselors who do mindfulness meditation for 10 minutes a day and compare them on empathy to a group of counselors who do not meditate. Which of the following is the most likely threat? differential selection OR time periods
differential selection (participants in the experimental and control groups have different characteristics that affect the dependent variable differently)
You want to identify if a cultural pride program increases academic achievement in African American girls. Twenty five girls in one high school volunteer to be in your program. You use matching to get a control group of 25 other girls who are at the same level of achievement. Then, you compare the achievement of the two groups at the end of the program. What research design is this? Quasi experiment or Longitudinal
Quasi experiment
Threats to external validity... Make it difficult to generalize OR interviews
Make it difficult to generalize
Which of the following is NOT one of the five main steps of the scientific method? Participants or make predictions
Where in a research article will you find the "statement of conclusions"? introduction OR discussion
Discussion
In a recent study of parents of LGBT adolescents in the United States, researchers randomly selected PFLAG associations from 20 of the 50 states and then surveyed all parents in those associations. This represents what kind of a sampling design? Cluster sampling or triangulation
Cluster sampling (researchers divide a population into smaller groups known as clusters)
A pre-test, post-test one group design with no controls is called: pre experiment or quasi experiment
Pre experiment
A sample of 155 (85 men, 70 women) Haitian immigrants was recruited from the New York City and Miami metropolitan areas through contacts in churches, community organizations and college campuses.
Based on this description of a sample for a study of Haitian immigrants, what do you think is most likely the sampling design? Simple random or Convenience sampling
Convenience sampling
In what section of an article are you most likely to find the hypothesis or research question? Introduction or conclusion
Introduction
In what section of an article are you most likely to find the "limitations of the study"? Results or discussion
Discussion
Sampling designs where every member of your accessible population has a known chance of being selected are called________________________ sampling designs: probability or limitations
probability
Survey research design...
does not contain data OR can be conducted with a questionnaire, interview, checklist, or other instruments
Can be conducted with a questionnaire, interview, checklist, or other instruments
Define convenience sample... where the sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach OR fairness
where the sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach.