Trade
Tell two things that led to the revival of the trade in Europe.
Renewal of access to the trade routes
Growth of the fairs and markets
What was a guild?
A group of people from a town or area that organized a group to protect the merchants from competition of outsiders, regulate business activities of an area and help the poor.
The typical town averaged how many people?
about 5,00 people
name one person who made advances in the fields of optics and astronomy?
Roger Bacon
Who was the great-grandson of William the Conqueror; Who became King after William's son William II and Henry I died without a male heir?
King Henry
What was the route of the southern trade route?
Ships sailed across the Arabian Sea and northward up the Red Sea. The goods were then hauled over land to the Nile River and transported to the Mediterranean.
Within each craft guild there were 3 classes of members. What were they?
apprentice
journeyman
master
What surrounded the towns?
Thick walls for protection.
The two greatest writers of the late medieval period___.
Dante Alighieri, an Italian poet, who wrote the poem of an imaginary journey through Hell.
Geoffrey Chaucer a prominent English poet. wrote the Canterbury Tales.
After the . death of Henry, his son Richard became king Richard was known as
"the Lion Hearted" because he was an able warrior and an admired crusader.
What was the route of the Central Route?
Ships from the far east carried goods to the Persian Gulf, where caravans transported the merchandise to Baghdad or Damascus.
What was an apprentice?
A boy that was working with a man to learn a trade. He worked and lived with the family for 2-7 years.
What was life like in a town?
It was surrounded by high thick walls, had a lot of people, the streets were narrow, the upper stories of he houses extended at times over the streets. The streets were dark crooked and filthy.
Who was Innocent III?
He was the pope that had power over the Europe and the church because of the wealth and power of the church at the time of his rule.
Who ruled while King Richard was away fight?
His brother John
What were money changers and what did they do?
Men that were experienced in judging the value of the coins, could determine the value in relation to other coins. The also would lend people money.
What was a journeyman?
He was a day laborer. He could seek employment and earn wages as a skilled worker.
What caused diseases within the towns?
Poor sanitation, people tossing their garbage in the open gutters lining the road, pigs, rats and dogs.
Who was the pope that King Philip IV had beaten and who died a few weeks later?
Boniface VIII
What pope did John clash with over the next bishop?
Innocent III
What was the route of the Northern Trade Route?
It was known as the Silk Road. It was an overland route across central Asia. It connected Beijing and Constantinople.
How could someone become a master?
A journeyman had to have experience, have funds to open their own shop, take an oral examination, show an example of his work, and take an oath to conduct himself according to the regulations of the guild. Then the other masters would vote on him.
How did the rise of towns affect justice, power and citizenship in Medieval Europe?
Power was affected by towns gaining freedom from the feudal lords.
The formation of the guilds also provided power to the guilds.
Increase power and citizenship rights led to better opportunities for just treatment.
What was the Great Schism?
After the death of Pope Gregory XI the French- dominated college of Cardinals, threatened by a Roman mob, elected an Italian as pope. Several months later, the cardinals declared the election invalid and elected a new pope, who ruled from Avignon. Both popes refused to step down and excommunicated the other. This went on for 40 years.
What King was forced by the English barons to sign the Magna Carta and what did it do?
John was forced to sign the Magna Carta.
It limited the King's power: he was not above the law and he could be removed.