Principles, Physiology, & Precautions
Which of the following BEST describes the Overload Principle?
a) Body adapts to the exact type of stress placed on it
b) Training effects are lost when exercise stops
c) Gradual increase of resistance or repetitions to cause adaptation
d) Muscles are strongest only in mid-range
c) Gradual increase of resistance or repetitions to cause adaptation
Which type of contraction produces the most force output?
a) Isometric
b) Concentric
c) Eccentric
d) Plyometric
c) Eccentric
what is another name for static balance?
a) dynamic balance
b) quiet balance
c) stationary balance
d) running balance
b) quiet balance
what are the normal degrees for the cone of stability?
a) 12 degrees anterior-posterior, 16 degrees lateral
b) 10 degrees anterior-posterior, 12 degrees lateral
c) 20 degrees anterior-posterior, 5 degrees lateral
d) cone of stability doesn't have normative data
a) 12 degrees anterior-posterior, 16 degrees lateral
According to the SAID Principle, which of the following is TRUE?
a) Exercises should mimic the anticipated function
b) Resistance should always be increased by 10% each week
c) Training gains are permanent
d) Power cannot be trained with resistance exercise
a) Exercises should mimic the anticipated function
Which statement best distinguishes DeLorme’s regimen from Oxford’s regimen?
a) DeLorme: heavy to light; Oxford: light to heavy
b) DeLorme: light to heavy; Oxford: heavy to light
c) DeLorme: based on 6RM; Oxford: based on 10RM
d) DeLorme: circuit training; Oxford: manual resistance
b) DeLorme: light to heavy; Oxford: heavy to light
what strategy is most utilized in someone with fair static balance with their eyes closed?
a) hip strategy
b) ankle strategy
c) weight-shift strategy
d) stepping strategy
b) ankle strategy
which of the following is NOT a component of the somatosensory system feedback?
a) light touch
b) kinesthesia
c) deep pressure
d) head position
d) head position
- this is senses via the visual/vestibular system depending on forces -
Which of the following is a precaution for strengthening exercise?
a) Acute inflammation
b) Severe cardiopulmonary disease
c) Avoiding Valsalva maneuver
d) Pain during exercise
c) Avoiding Valsalva maneuver
Plyometric exercises primarily train which muscle performance component?
a) Strength
b) Power
c) Endurance
d) Neuromuscular reeducation
b) Power
in general for all balance activities, which of the following is not an impairment that negatively impacts balance?
a) increased reaction time
b) decreased cognition
c) decreased reaction time
d) decreased sensation
c) decreased reaction time
While surfing, you hit a wave that rocks your center of gravity off quite a bit, but you are able to correct this displacement without stepping or falling off the board. what strategy was most likely used to correct the COG over BOS?
a) stepping strategy
b) ankle strategy
c) suspension strategy
d) hip strategy
d) hip strategy
Which muscle fiber type is stronger and produces more tension?
a) Type I fibers
b) Type II fibers
c) Both equally
d) Neither; depends on oxygen supply
b) Type II fibers
Which of the following statements is true about an MRE?
a) it is necessary for all patients
b) it must apply resistance through the entire ROM
c) it must reduce resistance through the entire ROM
d) it is most important for muscle grades 5/5 AG
b) it must apply resistance through the entire ROM
which of the following would be the most appropriate progression of this intervention?
"Tandem stance with balloon toss within BOS in sagittal plane 3x30"."
a) tandem stance with swiss ball toss within BOS in sagittal plane 3x90".
b) tandem stance with balloon toss outside BOS multi-planar with eyes closed 3x30".
c) single leg stance with swiss ball toss within BOS in sagittal plane 2x30".
d) Tandem stance with balloon toss within BOS multi-planar 3x30".
d) Tandem stance with balloon toss within BOS multi-planar 3x30".
which of the following is a dynamic balance test?
a) Romberg stance test
b) Tandem stance test
c) functional reach test
d) 5 times supine to stand test
c) functional reach test
The Valsalva maneuver during strengthening should be:
a) Encouraged to increase force
b) Avoided because it increases BP and HR
c) Used only in concentric contractions
d) Used only with endurance training
b) Avoided because it increases BP and HR
Which of the following is a way to progress a strengthening program without simply increasing reps or resistance?
a) Maintain the same lever arm
b) Keep base of support wide
c) Move from isometric → concentric → eccentric
d) Use the same mode of resistance
c) Move from isometric → concentric → eccentric
the patient complains of general dizziness during the balance intervention but is able to speak and does not present with any cognitive confusion. what is the most appropriate response?
a) allow them to take a break and get some water and/or a snack and proceed with interventions with caution after assessing vitals.
b) balance activities are contraindicated, therefore we are done for the day.
c) allow them to stop that intervention all together and proceed with caution next session.
d) ensure that the patient has a snack before leaving the clinic as we are done for the day.
a) allow them to take a break and get some water and/or a snack and proceed with interventions with caution after assessing vitals
What would be the most appropriate regression of this dynamic balance activity?
"Semi tandem stance reaching anterior within the BOS to tap blaze pods 3x30"."
a) Semi tandem stance reaching anterior outside the BOS to tap blaze pods 3x30".
b) Semi tandem stance reaching multi-planar within the BOS to tap blaze pods 3x30".
c) Tandem stance reaching single plane anteriorly within the BOS 3x30".
d) Semi tandem stance with eyes closed 3x30".
d) Semi tandem stance with eyes closed 3x30".