Water
periodic rising and falling of the ocean's height due to the gravitational pull of the sun and moon
Tides
nets that drift free in the water and indiscriminately catch everything in their path
Drift Nets
a small number of seed-producing trees are left standing to reseed the area
Seed-tree cutting
A bay or drowned valley where a river empties into the sea
Estuaries
Large brown algae or seaweed that can form underwater "forests," providing habitat for marine organisms
Kelp
The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.
Deforestation
below the pycnocline, Dense, sluggish water, Unaffected by winds, storms, sunlight, or temperature
Deep Zone
type of fishing done with net dragged across bottom the of the sea
Trawling
a small number of trees are left to provide shelter for the seedlings
Shelterwood cutting
tropical trees that grow along coasts and help maintain the health of coastal environments
Mangroves
nutrients increase algae that produce powerful toxins
Harmful algal blooms
natural forest uncut by people
Primary forest
below the surface zone, density increases rapidly with depth
Pycnocline
a highly industrialized approach to commercial fishing with powerful new technologies to capture fish in immense volumes
Factory fishing
only select trees are cut
Selection systems
occur along coasts at temperate latitude
Salt Marshes
algae that produce red pigments that discolor water
Red tide
grown to partial maturity after old-growth timber has been cut
Second-growth trees
habitats and ecosystems occurring on the ocean floor
Benthic
fishing for tuna and swordfish
Longline
Removal of dead trees following a natural disturbance
Salvage logging
established along the coastlines of developed countries
Marine protected areas (MPA's)
burning areas of forests under carefully controlled conditions
Prescribed (controlled) burns
a system of forest reserves and public lands
National forest system
well-lighted top layer that supports high primary productivity
Photic zone
A mass of calcium carbonate composed of the skeletons of tiny colonial marine organisms called corals.
Coral Reef
areas protected on paper but not in reality
Paper parks
an area of the ocean designated as a "no-fishing" zone, allowing no extractive activities
Marine reserves
protected areas that fall under national sovereignty but are designated or managed by the United Nations
World heritage sites
promotes removal of small trees, underbrush and dead trees
Healthy Forests Restoration Act (2003)