ANATOMY & FUNCTION
This is the primary muscle used during quiet inspiration.
What is the diaphragm?
What is pressure?
This lung volume is the amount of air moved during a normal quiet breath.
What is tidal volume (VT)?
These vessel carry oxygen-poor blood from the right side of the heart toward the lungs.
This is normal atmospheric pressure at sea level
What is 760mmHg?
These alveolar cells form most of the thin surface used for gas exchange.
What are Type I alveolar cells?
Normal quiet expiration is primarily caused by this passive property of the lungs.
What is elastic recoil?
This lung volume cannot be measured directly with basic spirometry.
What is residual volume (RV)?
These vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium.
What are the pulmonary veins?
At 37 degrees celsius, water vapor pressure equals this value.
What is 47mmHg?
These alveolar cells produce surfactant.
What are Type II alveolar cells?
This term describes how easily the lungs expand.
What is compliance?
What are anatomical dead space and alveolar dead space?
PCWP indirectly reflects pressure on this side of the heart.
What is the left side/left atrial pressure?
Give the equation that is used to calculate inspired PO2.
What is PIO2=FiO2 x (PB - PH2O)?
This neurotransmitter is associated with parasympathetic activity in the lungs.
What is acetylcholine?
Pulmonary fibrosis generally causes this change in compliance.
What is decreased compliance?
This lung volume measurement technique uses Boyle's law.
What is body plethysmography/body box?
When pulmonary blood vessels recruit and dilate, this happens to pulmonary vascular resistance.
What is PVR decreases?
A patient is breathing room air. PB=760mmHg and PH2O=47mmHg. Calculate PIO2.
What is ~150mmHg?
During quiet inspiration, this muscle contracts and moves downward. Name the muscle AND the nerves responsible for its innervation.
What is the diaphragm, innervated by the phrenic nerves?
A patient has lungs that inflate very easily but have difficulty returning to their original size. Name the likely disease AND describe the compliance and elastic recoil.
What is emphysema? increased compliance and decreased elastic recoil.
A patient with obstructive lung disease has an FRC measured helium dilution and then by body plethysmography. The body box gives the higher FRC. Explain why.
What is body box measures trapped gas that may not communicate with the airways?
Come to the board and correctly label the heart.
SVC/IVC, RA, tricuspid valve, RV, Pulmonary valve, Pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, LA, mitral(bicuspid) valve, LV, aortic valve, aorta
A patient is receiving 40% O2 with a PaCO2 of 50mmHg. PB=760mmHg and PH2O=47. Calculate PIO2 and PAO2 using the equation taught in class.
What is PIO2= 285mmHg & PAO2=225mmHg?