Chapter 9
What cells produce new bone?
Osteoblasts
What term is used to describe a deficit of all types of blood cells?
Pancytopenia
The atypical cell that serves as a marker for diagnosing Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the:
a. monocyte.
b. Ann Arbor cell
c. Hodgkin’s lymphocyte
d. Reed-Sternberg cell
d. Reed-Sternberg cell
Cardiac output refers to:
a. the amount of blood passing through either of the atria.
b. the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute.
c. the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in a single contraction.
d. the total number of heartbeats in one minute.
b. the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute.
Which of the following best describes the typical bone pain caused by osteogenic sarcoma?
a. Intermittent, increasing with activity
b. Sharp, increased with joint movement
c. Mild, aching when weight-bearing
d. Steady, severe, and persisting with rest
d. Steady, severe, and persisting with rest
Von Willebrand disease is caused by:
a. defective erythrocytes that become deformed in shape, causing occlusions.
b. excessive lymphocytes that do not mature.
c. absence of a clotting factor that helps platelets clump and stick.
d. a lack of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency.
c. absence of a clotting factor that helps platelets clump and stick.
One of the reasons non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are harder to treat than Hodgkin’s lymphomas is that they:
a. tend to be much larger than Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
b. involve multiple nodes and widespread metastases.
c. are not affected by the newer drug treatments.
d. are asymptomatic until they reach stage IV.
b. involve multiple nodes and widespread metastases.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL):
a. promote atheroma development.
b. contain only small amounts of cholesterol.
c. transport cholesterol from cells to the liver for excretion.
d. are associated with low intake of saturated fats.
a. promote atheroma development.
Which of the following is characteristic of osteoarthritis?
a. Inflammation and fibrosis develop at the joints.
b. Degeneration of articulating cartilage occurs in the large joints.
c. It progresses bilaterally through the small joints.
d. There are no changes in the bone at the affected joints.
b. Degeneration of articulating cartilage occurs in the large joints.
Which of the following occurs when disseminated intravascular coagulation develops?
a. Increased thrombocytes and blood clotting
b. Hemolysis with loss of blood cells
c. Massive sepsis and hemorrhage
d. Multiple thrombi and deficit of clotting factors
d. Multiple thrombi and deficit of clotting factors
Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic disease of unknown etiology occurring in older adults and involving:
a. plasma cells.
b. T cells.
c. NK cells.
d. monocytes.
a. plasma cells.
Which of the following applies to subacute infective endocarditis?
a. A microbe of low virulence attacks abnormal or damaged heart valves.
b. Virulent microbes invade normal heart valves.
c. No permanent damage occurs to the valves.
d. Prophylactic medication does not prevent infection.
a. A microbe of low virulence attacks abnormal or damaged heart valves.
What is the basic pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Degenerative disorder involving the small joints
b. Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting all joints
c. Systemic inflammatory disorder due to an autoimmune reaction
d. Inflammatory disorder causing damage to many organs
c. Systemic inflammatory disorder due to an autoimmune reaction
Why is pernicious anemia treated with injections of vitamin B12?
a. An immune reaction in the stomach would destroy the vitamin.
b. Digestive enzymes would destroy the vitamin.
c. The vitamin irritates the gastric mucosa.
d. The ingested vitamin would not be absorbed into the blood.
d. The ingested vitamin would not be absorbed into the blood.
Malignant neoplasms involving lymphocyte proliferation in the lymph nodes are called:
a. lymphomas
b. myelomas
c. lymphocytomas
d. lymphedemas
a. lymphomas
Pericarditis causes a reduction in cardiac output as a result of which of the following?
a. Delays in the conduction system, interfering with cardiac rhythm
b. Weak myocardial contractions due to friction rub
c. Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which decreases ventricular filling
d. Incompetent valves, which allow regurgitation of blood
c. Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which decreases ventricular filling
Where does inflammation usually begin in an individual with ankylosing spondylitis?
a. Costovertebral joints with progression down the spine
b. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae, causing kyphosis
c. Sacroiliac joints with progression up the spine
d. Peripheral joints and then proceeds to the vertebrae
c. Sacroiliac joints with progression up the spine
Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood:
a. contains A and B antibodies.
b. contains A and B antigens.
c. lacks A and B antibodies.
d. lacks A and B antigens.
d. lacks A and B antigens.
Multiple opportunistic infections develop with acute leukemia primarily because:
a. the number of white blood cells is decreased.
b. many circulating leukocytes are immature.
c. severe anemia interferes with the immune response.
d. decreased appetite and nutritional intake reduce natural defenses.
b. many circulating leukocytes are immature.
When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?
a. Both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis.
b. Angina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time.
c. Pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI.
d. Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.
d. Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.