Humidity and Aerosol Therapy
What is another word for water vapor?
Humidity
What is humidity therapy?
It involves adding water vapor to inspired gas.
Can a toilet paper roll be used as a spacer?
True
delivery via face mask with nebulizers
What is bland aerosol administration?
Delivery of sterile water and saline in aerosol form
Primary functions of the respiratory tract
Heat and moisture exchange
The isothermic saturation boundary (ISB) is...
What are the categories of DPIs
unit-dose DPIs, multiple unit-dose DPIs, and multiple-dose DPIs
What can cause reactive bronchospasms and increased airway resistance?
Cold an high density aerosols
Contraindications for bland aerosol therapy
Bronchospasms and airway hyperresponsiveness
Medical aerosols are generated with what an....
Atomizer, Nebulizer, or Inhaler
What causes a runny nose?
The formation of condensation that may exceed the ability of mucus to reabsorb water
Factors affecting DPI performance
Inspiratory flow rate, humidity, clinical efficacy, and intrinsic resistance
Hazards and complications of bland aerosol therapy
Wheezing, overhydration, patient discomfort, infection, bronchospams, and bronchoconstriction when artificial airway is used
At sea level, a gas at BTPS has a water vapor pressure of...
47 mm Hg
Clinical signs and symptoms of inadequate airway humidification
Atelectasis, thick dehydrated secretions, dry cough, increased work of breathing, increased airway resistance, substernal pain, and increased incidence of infection
The flow rate needed for a DPIs
30-90 L/min
How can the solution concentration increase?
Evaporation, baffling, heating, and recycling of drug solutions
What monitoring should be done after administration
Breath sounds, BP, HR and rhythm, RR, sputum production
Calculate relative humidity
measured humidity/water capacity x 100
Gas delivered to the midtrachea
100% RH with an absolute humidity level of 36-40 mg/L at 31-35 degrees Celsius
What is the main disadvantage of DPIs
They require a high insinuatory rate from the patient
Long-term, continuous administration can cause...
Tissue damage, atelectasis, and pulmonary edema
Indications for bland aerosol therapy
Upper airway edema, subglottic edema, postextubation, laryngotracheobrnchitis