The Infection Connection
The elements that must be present for transmission of an infection to occur within a health care setting? (the Chain)
What is a reservoir of pathogens, a susceptible host, and a route of transmission?
The primary problem in obstructive lung disease?
What is airway resistance (especially on exhalation)
The effect of osmotic pressure on solutions of different solute concentrations, separated by a semipermeable membrane? (In terms of the solvent and solute)
What is equal distribution of solvent?
The main intracellular electrolyte?
What is Potassium (K+)?
This volume cannot be measured with a spirometer?
What is Residual Volume (RV)
The organisms that are not destroyed by a disinfection agent?
What are Spores?
The most common measurement of pulmonary mechanics during pulmonary function testing?
An isotonic solution of Sodium Chloride is what percentage?
What is 0.90% NaCl?
The normal range for serum sodium? (in mEq/L)
What is 136.0 to 145.0 mEq/L?
Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation is most commonly used in what condition/disease state?
what are cases of weakness due to neuro-muscular disease
After treating a patient infected with C. difficile? What should the practitioner do to prevent the spread of infection?
What is hand washing with soap and water?
Name three (3) volumes/capacities that can be measured by simple spirometry?
If your objective were to draw water INTO the cells or tissues, what type of solution would you expose them to?
What is hypotonic?
A CBC counts and examines what three (3) formed elements in the blood?
What are leukocytes (WBCs), erythrocytes (RBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets)?
The Forced Expiration Technique (FET), also called the "Huff cough", is most useful for patients that have this type of disease process?
What is obstructive disease?
The personal protective equipment that is recommended to wear when entering the negative pressure room to ask the patient with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) a question?
What is an N95 mask?
Name three (3) tests which are performed in the PFT lab in which residual volume can be measured?
What is helium dilution, body plethysmography, and nitrogen washout
The body system that collects and returns to the circulation any excess fluid that may leak out of the capillaries.
What is the lymphatic system?
The normal Hematocrit for a male patient:
What is 40% to 54%?
The application of external pressure (by the therapist) to the thoracic cage or epigastric region during forced exhalation to facilitate a more forceful cough is called:
What is the manually assisted directed cough (Quad cough)
The simplest level of infection control based on the recognition that all blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions may contain transmissible infections agents?
What is standard precautions?
An FEV1/FVC ratio below this percentage is considered significantly reduced and demonstrates obstructive disease.
What is 70%
To decrease risk of _____________________, airway clearance therapy should be scheduled before or at least 1.5 to 2 hours after meals.
What is vomiting/aspiration?
Lactate is a byproduct of glucose metabolism under what condition?
What is Anaerobic? (the absence of O2)
High frequency chest wall compression/oscillation involves the use of this device?
What is the Vest?