Upper Respiratory
The upper respiratory tract warms, humidifies, and does this to inspired air.
What is filter (or clean) the air?
The trachea divides into these two primary airways.
What are the right and left primary bronchi?
This chronic respiratory disease is characterized by reversible airway narrowing.
What is asthma?
This is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal quiet breathing.
What is tidal volume?
The Bohr effect describes how this protein's affinity for oxygen changes.
What is hemoglobin?
The three regions of the pharynx are these.
What are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?
The smallest conducting airways before the alveoli are these.
What are bronchioles?
Asthma primarily affects these airways.
What are the bronchi and bronchioles?
The total volume of air the lungs can hold is called this.
Answer:
What is total lung capacity?
Increasing carbon dioxide shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve in this direction.
What is to the right?
The nasal cavity is divided into left and right halves by this structure.
What is the nasal septum?
Type I alveolar cells have this primary function.
What is gas exchange?
COPD includes these two major diseases.
Answer:
What are chronic bronchitis and emphysema?
Inspiratory capacity equals tidal volume plus this volume.
Answer:
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The Bohr effect is caused primarily by increases in these two factors.
What are carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentration (decreased pH)?
The larynx is composed primarily of this type of connective tissue.
What is cartilage?
The left lung has fewer lobes because it accommodates this organ.
What is the heart?
Pulmonary edema impairs gas exchange because fluid accumulates in this location.
Answer:
What are the alveoli (or alveolar spaces)?
Total lung capacity equals vital capacity plus this volume.
Answer:
What is residual volume?
The chemical reaction CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + _____ completes this equation.
What is HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate)?
The larynx serves as a passageway for air and performs this additional important function.
What is voice production (phonation)?
Air enters the lungs during inspiration because intrapulmonary pressure becomes this relative to atmospheric pressure.
What is lower than atmospheric pressure?
Explain why pneumonia often causes hypoxemia.
Answer:
What is because fluid-filled alveoli impair diffusion of oxygen into the blood?
The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after maximal inspiration is this.
Answer:
What is vital capacity?
The Bohr effect primarily affects this property of hemoglobin.
What is its affinity for oxygen?