Respiration
Region of respiratory tract posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and superior and posterior to the larynx.
Pharynx
The process of breaking down a substance into smaller subunits; may be physical or chemical.
Digestion
A large protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane that functions as an ion channel and an enzyme that catalyzes the production of ATP.
ATP Synthase
Paired retroperitoneal organs that filter the blood to remove wastes and maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis.
Kidneys
The process by which blood is filtered in the glomeruli of the kidneys.
Filtration
The segment of the respiratory tract in the anterior neck that houses the vocal cord.
Larynx
To chew, physically breaking into smaller particles by the teeth, the tongue, and the hard palate.
Masticate
The period of time from about 4 hours after feeding until the next meal
Postabsorptive State
A liquid produced by the kidneys that consists of water, electrolytes, and metabolic wastes.
Urine
The rate at which filtrate is produced in the glomeruli of the kidneys. (Estimated by creatinine levels)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
A flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the lungs.
Epiglottis
Highly folded extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area for absorption.
Microvilli
The process by of synthesizing or making fatty acids and triglycerides
Lipogenesis
The process of voiding urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra.
Micturition
The process by which solutes are removed from the blood and placed into the filtrate in the renal tubules for excretion from the body.
Tubular Secretion
The condition of having a normal rate and pattern of ventilation.
Hint: opposite of dyspnea
Eupnea
A cell type within the stomach’s gastric glands that secretes the inactive enzyme pepsinogen.
Chief Cells
A hormone produced by adipocytes that promotes feeling of full after eating.
Leptin
The functional unit of the kidney where blood is filtered and the resulting filtrate is modified.
Nephron
A hormone from the hypothalamus that causes the insertion of aquaporin channels in distal tubule cells, allowing water reabsorption.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
A gas law stating that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
A hormone secreted by G cells of gastric glands that triggers acid secretion from parietal cells.
Gastrin
The process that combines two molecules of ammonia with carbon dioxide to produce urea, which is eliminated by the kidneys.
Urea Cycle
The second segment of the renal tubule in which water and electrolytes are reabsorbed; consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb.
Nephron loop
A hormone causes promotes ADH and aldosterone release, and increases sodium ion and water reabsorption from the kidneys.
Angiotensin-II