Events of Respiration
The phase of respiration where air enters the lungs due to negative alveolar pressure.
What is Inspiration?
The primary dome-shaped muscle of inspiration separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
What is the Diaphragm?
Intercostal muscles that elevate the ribs during inhalation.
What are External Intercostals?
The primary power source for human speech production.
What is the Respiratory System?
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal, quiet breathing cycle.
What is Tidal Volume (TV)?
During inhalation, the lungs expand and cause this pressure to fall below atmospheric pressure, which creates the gradient that draws air into the lungs.
What is Alveolar Pressure?
Microscopic air-filled structures located at the end of the pulmonary airways are the main sites for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
What are the Alveoli?
These muscles are located underneath the external intercostals and pull the ribs downward when they contract.
What are the internal intercostal muscles?
A passive pressure that varies with lung volume. It is positive above the respiratory system's resting level and negative below it.
What is Relaxation Pressure?
This volume measures the maximum amount of additional air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal tidal inspiration.
What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?
Comes from (a) the natural recoil of muscles, cartilages, ligaments, and lung tissue; (b) the surface tension of alveoli; and (c) the pull of gravity. It is this that causes the respiratory system to behave like a coil spring.
What is Passive Force?
Two membranes that create a link between the lungs and chest wall, which allows them to move collectively during breathing.
What are the Visceral and Parietal Pleurae?
When this muscle contracts, it pulls the central tendon downward and forward, while also helping lift the lower six ribs, increasing the size of the thorax.
What is the diaphragm?
This is the long volume where the respiratory system is in a mechanically neutral position, and alveolar pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
What is the resting level of the respiratory system?
This capacity's formula consists of: IRV + TV + ERV and represents the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled following a maximum inspiration.
What is Vital Capacity (VC)?
This process is when oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the lungs where it is then exhaled.
What is Gas Exchange?
Flexible tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi.
What is the Trachea?
When the head is fixed, contraction of this neck muscle elevates the sternum and clavicle, which also helps elevate the ribs during breathing.
What is the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
This pressure represents the difference between the pressure inside the abdomen and the pressure between the pleural membranes
What is transdiaphragmatic pressure?
After a patient performs a tidal expiration, the lungs still contain ERV + RV. Together, the two volumes make up this capacity.
What is Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?
An individual's chest wall expands during a resting breath, which causes lung volume to increase and alveolar pressure to fall below atmospheric pressure. According to the pressure gradient, this is the resulting movement of air.
What is Airflow into the Pulmonary Apparatus?
12 flat, arch-shaped bones on each side of the body. They slope downward from back to front along the sides of the torso.
What are Ribs?
A patient is instructed to forcefully exhale. In order to help decrease thoracic volume, these muscles contract, compress the abdominal contents, and pushes the diaphragm upward.
What are the Abdominal Wall Muscles?
Two respiratory systems are exposed to the same amount of pressure, but one shows much less change in volume. This means that the respiratory system has a lower amount of this property.
What is compliance?
During a pulmonary test, a clinician wants to determine the total amount of air in the patient's lungs after a maximum inspiration. The measurement includes residual volume so it cannot be measured by simple spirometry.
What is Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?