Alkalosis
What electrolyte imbalance occurs with metabolic alkalosis?
hypocalcemia: causes tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes
name two causes of respiratory acidosis
COPD, drug OD, pneumonia, atelectasis, anesthesia
A patient presents with the following ABG values: pH 7.28, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. How would you interpret this ABG?
A. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
B. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated
C. Respiratory alkalosis, uncompensated
D. Metabolic alkalosis, compensated
A. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
Rationale: The pH is below 7.35, indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated, showing a respiratory cause. The HCO3 is normal, indicating no compensation
List five symptoms of respiratory alkalosis.
Bonus 100: What electrolyte imbalance occurs with respiratory alkalosis?
seizures, deep, hyperventilation, tachycardia, dec or normal BP, numbness or tingling of extremities, lethargy, confusion, lightheadedness, N/V
Hypokalemia
when do symptoms of of ARDs start to develop?
within 48-72 hours of injury. it progresses rapidly.
Which nursing intervention is a priority for a patient with respiratory acidosis?
A. Administer sodium bicarbonate
B. Encourage deep breathing exercises
C. Place the patient in a prone position
D. Restrict fluid intake
B. Encourage deep breathing exercises
Rationale: Deep breathing promotes CO2 elimination and improves gas exchange in respiratory acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate is not typically used unless the acidosis is severe and metabolic.
list four interventions and monitoring parameters for respiratory alkalosis.
rebreather tx (paper bag), sedatives/antianxieties, pain, tx underlying cause. Monitor RR, HR, BP, K lvls and tele rhythm, hydration.
A patient has a P/F ratio of 186. What level of ARDS is this?
moderate
What is the hallmark sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
A. Pleural effusion
B. Refractory hypoxemia
C. Elevated PaCO2
D. Bradycardia
B. Refractory hypoxemia
Rationale: Refractory hypoxemia, which does not improve with oxygen supplementation, is a key indicator of ARDS.
name three causes of metabolic alkalosis.
steroid use, NG suctioning, overuse of antacids, blood transfusion, thiazide diuretic use, OD of bicarb with CPR, TPN
name four symptoms of respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation, hypoxia, rapid, shallow RR, dec BP with vasodilation, dyspnea, HA, hyperkalemia with dysrhythmias, drowsiness, disorientation, musc weakness, hyperreflexia.
Which diagnostic finding is consistent with ARDS?
A. Decreased lung compliance
B. Hyperinflation on chest X-ray
C. Increased HCO3
D. Elevated PaCO2
A. Decreased lung compliance
Rationale: ARDS results in stiff lungs and decreased compliance due to alveolar damage.
Name two interventions for metabolic alkalosis
give potassium replacements, monitor RR, SpO2, I/O, cardiac monitoring, elevate HOB
What are the four clinical markers of ARDS?
Atelectasis
Refractory hypoxemia
Decreased lung compliance
Surfactant
What is the priority goal of care for a patient in the acute phase of ARDS?
A. Prevent hyperkalemia
B. Maintain adequate oxygenation
C. Reduce CO2 production
D. Increase bicarbonate levels
B. Maintain adequate oxygenation
Rationale: The primary focus in ARDS is ensuring sufficient oxygen delivery to tissues while minimizing further lung injury.