Medications
Different uses for albuterol
What are rescue inhaler, can be taken 30 minutes before exercise, can be taken 30 minutes before a meal?
The action to stop bleeding in a patient with epistaxis
What is place patient in the sitting position, lean forward, with head tilted forward; direct pressure/squeeze lower part of nose for 5 to 15 minutes
Nursing interventions to prevents aspiration pneumonia
Elevate head-of-bed 30 degrees and have sit up for all meals and if on continuous tube feeding
Assist with eating, drinking, taking meds as needed (small bites/small sips)
Assess for gag reflex
Monitor reflux and gastric residuals for patients with tube feeding.(NG tube)
Frequent oral hygiene
Symptoms of TB
What are
Persistent cough lasting longer than 3 weeks
Purulent/blood streaked sputum
Weight loss/anorexia
Night sweats
The number one risk factor for COPD
What is smoking?
Maintenance or long term medication therapies for COPD and Asthma.
What are Long acting Beta agonist (LABA) corticosteroid inhalers, Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors?
Education for patient being discharged after an epistaxis.
What are
Use humidifier or nasal spray
Sneeze with mouth open
Avoid aspirin and NSAIDs
Avoid vigorous nose blowing, strenuous activity, lifting or straining for 4 to 6 weeks
Nursing priorities for patients with pneumonia
Impaired gas exchange
Impaired breathing
Fluid imbalance
Hyperthermia
Activity intolerance
Pain
Most common adverse effect of TB medications.
What is Hepatotoxicity?
Nursing interventions for mucous clearance.
What are postural drainage, chest percussion, Acapella devices (flutter valve), coughing and deep breathing?
Medications given by nebulizer for acute asthma attacks, COPD exacerbations and pneumonia?
Ipratropium (Atrovent) and Albuterol via NEBULIZER
Education for patient with acute viral rhinitis
Encourage rest (8 to 10 hr/day) and increased fluid intake (at least 2,000 mL/day).
Encourage the use of a home humidifier or breathing steamy air after running hot shower water.
Encourage use of saline nasal spray to sooth nasal passages and soften secretions; warm water mouth gargles to alleviate sore throat.
Monitor/teach to report secondary infection or worsening symptoms
Report: sputum changes, short of breath, chest tightness
Hand hygiene is a measure to prevent transmission.
Medications- Antihistamines, decongestants, expectorants, antipyretics
Nursing interventions for pneumonia
What are
Position the client to maximize ventilation (high Fowlers/ 90% as needed
Encourage coughing and deep breathing
Administer breathing treatments, medications, antibiotics, oxygen
Incentive spirometry
Encourage activity with periods of rest as needed
Increased work of breathing requires more calories and proper nutrition
Adequate hydration
Type of precaution for TB
What is airborne?
Nursing education for patients with COPD
What is
Abstain from or stop smoking.
Early diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections; avoidance measures
Avoid or control exposure to occupational and environmental pollutants and irritants.
Influenza, pneumococcal and RSV vaccines
Avoid crowds/wear a mask/hand hygiene
Intravenous medication given to reduce inflammation of the airways during exacerbation of lung disease?
Methylprednisolone (Corticosteroid)
Equipment needed at the bedside for a patient with a tracheostomy
Oxygen source
Bag valve mask/ Ambu bag
Bedside suction
Client education regarding medications for pneumonia
Antibiotics-Education-take at same time everyday, don’t miss doses, don’t double up missed doses, take antibiotics until all pills are finished
Bronchodilators
Short acting beta 2 agonists (Albuterol)-Education
Anti-inflammatory medications such as oral or inhaled glucocorticosteroids
-take with food - PO
-do not stop abruptly- PO needs to be tapered
Criteria for a positive Mantoux Test
5 mm or greater- for clients at high risk (HIV, immunosuppressed, known exposure)
10 mm or greater- for clients at moderate risk (from a country with high prevalence of TB, chronic lung disease)
15 mm or greater- for clients with no known risk factors
Education regarding nutrition for COPD patients
Rest 30 minutes before eating
Bronchodilator before meals
Supplemental O2 during meals
High calorie, high protein, moderate fats and carbohydrates
5 to 6 small meals a day
Medications in the RIPE acronym for TB medications
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Orange
Management of a nasal fracture
What is elevate HOB, apply cold compress/ice, medicate for pain, monitor for airway patency, respiratory assessment, Assess for CSF leak (clear, continuous nasal drainage)
Type of pneumonia found in mostly in immunocompromised patients.
What is fungal pneumonia?
Follow up for TB patients
Sputum AFB (acid fast bacillus) every 2 weeks until 3 negative specimens
Interpret this ABG
ph 7.31
PaCO2 50
HCO3 24
PaO2 85
SaO2 95
pH: 7.35-7.45
(PaO2): 75-100 mmHg
(PaCO2): 35-45 mmHg
HCO3 22-26 mEq/L
(SaO2): 95-100%
What is respiratory acidosis?