Pathophysiology
Respiratory
Respiratory
What is ventilation?
The mechanical act of moving air in and out.
What is a pneumothorax?
A hole in the lung.
What are the structures of the upper airway.
Nasopharnyx, Oropharynx, pharynx
What class of drug is albuterol and dose?
Sympathomimetic, and bronchial dilator. Dose: 2.5mg.
What is stridor?
Is indicative of and upper airway obstructive, loud high pitch sound.
What is oxygenation?
The Act of loading oxygen onto hemoglobin
What is purulent sputum indicating? (sputum that contains pus and dead white blood cells)
respiratory infection.
What are the anatomical landmarks for a Cricothyrotomy
Thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage, trachea.
What is CPAP stand for, and what are the indication for CPAP?
Continuous positive airway pressure. CHF, pulmonary edema, and COPD.
What is crackles (rales).
Heard in the lower airways when fluid moves to smaller airways.
What is respiration?
The act of gas exchange in the lungs.
Hepatojugular reflex is an indication of what sided heart failure?
Right sided heart failure.
Where is the cut off of the upper and lower airway, and what are the structures to look for when intubating?
Glottic opening it the cut off, vocal cords, epiglottis, trachea.
What drug class is Ipratropium and what is the dose?
Antichlinergic, bronchodilator. Dose: 0.5mg
What is rhonchi?
Thick secretions in the larger airways.
What is V/Q mismatch?
Is the delay of oxygenation. Via intrinsic and extrinsic.
What is a sign of emphysema?
Barrel chest (air trapping disease.)
How many lobes on on the left and right lungs?
3 on the right, 2 on the left.
Per sandy protocols what is the sedation method for intubated patients that regain a gag reflex?
2.5mg of versed, and 50mcg of fentanyl.
What is wheezing?
Continuous airflow through constricted bronchi.
Give one example of an intrinsic and extrinsic factor, that effects VQ mismatch.
Intrinsic= PE, Cardiac arrest, oral edema.
Extrinsic= CO, Hazmat, airway.
What two disease processes make up COPD
emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.
Where does gas exchanged happen in the lungs?
Alveoli.
what is a treatment for an asthma attack that is not responsive to bronchialdilators?
0.5mg of 1:1 epi IM.
What is adventitious breath sounds?
Classified as abnormal breath sounds.