Scenarios
A 16-year-old athlete experiences sudden chest tightness and expiratory wheezing during a cold cross-country race.
Exercise-induced bronchospasm (or asthma)
Albuterol targets these specific receptors in the lungs to cause bronchodilation.
Beta-2 receptors
This specific disease under the COPD umbrella is caused by the destruction of the alveolar walls, leading to trapped air and a barrel chest appearance.
Emphysema
If you attempt to insert an OPA and your patient begins to gag or retch, this is the immediate corrective action an EMT must take to protect the airway.
Remove the OPA
This term describes the condition where there is an insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the body's tissues.
Hypoxia
You arrive on scene to find a 65-year-old male sitting in the "tripod position," using accessory muscles to breathe, and speaking in one-word sentences. How would you diagnose him?
Severe respiratory distress
This is the standard dose and administration route for an adult EpiPen used during an anaphylactic reaction.
0.3 mg intramuscularly
This condition occurs when fluid fills the alveoli, often caused by left-sided heart failure, resulting in rales
Pulmonary edema (or Congestive Heart Failure)
When performing endotracheal or oral suctioning, you must only apply suction during this part of the procedure.
On the way out
This device delivers an oxygen concentration of 24% to 44% at a flow rate of 1 to 6 Liters per minute, making it ideal for alert patients with mild hypoxemia.
Nasal cannula
Your patient is a 24-year-old female complaining of a sudden onset of sharp, stabbing chest pain and dyspnea. Her lung sounds are perfectly clear and equal, and she has no history of asthma.
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Name two of the strict contraindications for an EMT assisting a patient with their prescribed Metered-Dose Inhaler
The patient is unconscious/unable to use it, the medication is expired, They already took the mass dose, or it is not prescribed to the patient
An infection of the lungs where the alveoli fill with inflammatory fluid and pus, typically presenting with fever, cough, and localized rhonchi or crackles.
Pneumonia
When suctioning a pediatric patient or infant, you should limit your suction time to a maximum of this many seconds.
10 seconds
The specific physical process where oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the alveolar-capillary membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion
A patient with a history of emphysema is breathing 28 times per minute, using accessory muscles, and has an SpO2 of 88%. Your first oxygen administration choice should be this.
Non-Rebreather (NRB) mask
Beside causing bronchodilation, Epinephrine helps reverse anaphylactic shock by causing this critical change to the blood vessels.
Vasoconstriction
This upper airway viral infection is highly common in toddlers, causes localized swelling below the vocal cords, and presents with a classic seal like barking cough and inspiratory stridor.
Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
This basic airway maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive medical patient with no suspected spinal trauma.
Head-tilt/chin-lift
This is the exact range of oxygen concentration percentages delivered to a patient via a properly functioning Non-Rebreather mask set at 10-15 Lpm.
90%-100%
You arrive on scene to find an unresponsive patient who has gurgling respirations at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. Your first two immediate actions, in order, are these.
Suctioning the airway and performing positive pressure ventilation (BVM)
An adult patient has taken 2 doses of their prescribed Albuterol inhaler before your arrival. They are still wheezing and in distress. If your protocols allow up to 3 doses, what must you do before administering a 3rd dose?
check the expiration date and ensure the 5 Rights are met
This highly contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract is characterized by a violent, paroxysmal cough followed by a high-pitched inspiratory sound.
Whooping cough
This is the name of the anatomical ridge where the trachea divides into the right and left mainstem bronchi.
Carina
When assessing a patient's breathing, an EMT must look for three main things, Rate, Rhythm, and this third characteristic that determines if the breaths are deep or shallow.
Quality