Kidney Anatomy
The kidneys are located on either side of the _______
What is the spine
The glomerulus forms a capillary ball, which ____ the pressure of blood as it flows through it
increases
The trachea branches into right and left ____ at the carina
Bronchi
Boyle’s law states that the pressure of gas is inversely proportional to its
volume
Two main functions of the renal fat pad are 1.) to anchor the kidneys in place, and 2.) act as a ____ in case of injury
shock absorber
The three primary functions of the nephron are?
Filtration, reabsorption and secretion
The branches of bronchi, 1mm or less in diameter, that end in alveolar sacs
Bronchiole
Name the two steps in a full respiratory cycle
Inspiration and expiration
The inner part of the kidney, which regulates the concentration of urine, is called the ____
renal medulla
the three -secondary- functions of the nephron
maintain blood pressure, calcium absorption, and red blood cell production
An artery that arises from the pulmonary trunk, and carries deoxygenated blood to the alveoli
pulmonary artery
The two primary actions of gas exchange in the lungs are ______ and _____
ventilation and perfusion
The left kidney is located around the T12-L3 vertebrae, however the right is slightly lower as it’s displaced by other organ?
Liver
In the visceral layer of Bowman's Capsule, unusually shaped cells called _____ extend finger-like arms called pedicels that help make up filtration slits.
podcytes
The alveoli and capillary membranes together make up the _________, which allows gasses to cross by simple diffusion
Respiratory membrane
The main factor that stimulates the medulla oblongata and the pons to produce respiration is the concentration of _______ in the blood.
carbon dioxide
The _______ are bundles of collecting ducts, which transport urine to the calyces for excretion
Papillae
Name three of the six key electrolytes for the body's functions
Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, bicarbonate
What is the phagocytic cell of the immune system responsible for removing pathogens that have reached the alveoli?
Alveolar macrophage
Which receptors, located in the brain, brainstem, and carotid artery, sense the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood?
central chemoreceptor, peripheral chemoreceptor