Antihistamines
Which receptor causes allergy symptoms when acted upon by histamine-- H1 or H2?
H1
H2 is for gastric acid secretion
Inhaled anticholinergics are used to prevent _________?
A. COPD
B. bronchodilation
C. coughing
D. bronchospasm
D. bronchospasm
What are the two airway/bronchiole changes that happen during an asthma attack?
A. vasodilation of arterioles and venues
B. decreased mucus secretion
C. inflammation
D. constriction
Which three groups of medications are used in the management of COPD?
A. Mucolytics
B. Bronchodilators
C. Antihistamines
D. Anti-inflammatory agents
A. Mucolytics
B. Bronchodilators
D. Anti-inflammatory agents
A. nasal congestion
B. liver disease
C. hypertension
B - although it's not an opioid, still has opioid side effects such as liver impairment
When teaching a pt. about diphenhydramine (Benadryl), which side effects would you teaching your pt. about? SATA 2 correct
A. extra salivation
B. drowsiness
C. insomnia
D. urinary retention
B. drowsiness
D. urinary retention
A nurse knows a pt. needs more education when the pt. states the following:
A. "I should rinse my mouth out after taking my beclemethasone (Qvar)."
B. "I should take several puffs of my medication, Atrovent, in a row without breaks in order to assure the most effective results"
C. "I should rinse my mouth out after taking all corticosteroid containing inhaled medications."
D. "It is not necessary for me to take my albuterol every four hours when I am not experiencing an acute exacerbation of my asthma."
B
What is an important teaching point about Leukotriene Modifiers? SATA 2
A. do not take with caffeine
B. PO only
C. there is an immediate onset of action once administered
D. do not use them to stop an acute asthma attack
B - will see more systemic effects bc of this
D - not considered a bronchodilator, reduce constriction indirectly
(A and C are for albuterol)
Two types of COPD.
A. Chronic Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
___ Excess mucus produced in the lower respiratory tract
___ Loss of bronchiolar elasticity & destruction of alveolar elasticity
_A__ Excess mucus produced in the lower respiratory tract
_B__ Loss of bronchiolar elasticity & destruction of alveolar elasticity
For which patient would fluticasone (Flonase) be inappropriate?
A. A patient dx with oral candidiasis.
B. A patient experiencing intranasal itching and sneezing
C. A patient experiencing increased nasal secretions, post-nasal drip and cough
A. A patient dx with oral candidiasis
Which food is contraindicated when taking antihistamines?
A. oranges
B. apples
C. grapefruits
D. pineapples
C. grapefruits
The nurse is teaching a patient about the inhaler advair, which statements by the patient indicate a correct understanding of this medication. (SATA- 3 correct)
A. I will rinse my mouth with water after each dose.
B. I need to use this inhaler whenever i feel short of breath but not less than 4 hours between doses.
C. This medication is taken twice a day, every 12 hours.
D. I can take this inhaler if i am short of breath while exercising.
E. I will call my doctor if i notice any white patches inside my mouth.
A. I will rinse my mouth with water after each dose.
C. This medication is taken twice a day, every 12 hours.
E. I will call my doctor if i notice any white patches inside my mouth.
If a patient was experiencing an acute asthma attack, which medication would you always administer first?
A. cromolyn
B. albuterol
C. a leukotriene modifier
C. albuterol, a beta agonist - most effective drug for RELIEVING acute bronchospasm (all other medications are prophylactic/long term use)
Which of the following explanations would you give your patient about the treatment for COPD?
A. Treatment is curative, patient will not have condition permanently if treated early enough
B. Treatment is supportive, patient will have condition rest of their life
About which two patients should a nurse be concerned reporting daily pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) use?
A. A patient with heart disease
B. A patient with uncontrolled HTN
C. A patient with thyroid disease
D. A patient with stomach ulcers
A. A patient with heart disease (beta blockers, nitrates and digoxin interact!!, also HTN!)
B. A patient with uncontrolled HTN
A nurse educating a pt. about taking medication for allergic rhinitis tells her drugs for prophylaxis include: (SATA- 3 correct)
A. antihistamines
B. intranasal corticosteroids
C. intranasal decongestants
D. mast cell stabilizers
A. antihistamines
B. intranasal corticosteroids
D. mast cell stabilizers
A pt. asks if it is really necessary to use a spacer with her inhaler. What would you tell her and why?
A. The spacer won't make a difference in the effectiveness of the medication.
B. A spacer is essential as it increases the effectiveness of the medication and helps the medication be delivered to your lungs vs. your stomach.
C. You are better off without a spacer.
B
A patient having an acute asthma attack has been following her rescue plan at home until he arrives at urgent care. Her rescue plan was to take 4 puffs every 20 minutes. Her VS as as follows: BP 138/86 , HR 142 bpm, RR 28/min, SpO2 92% on RA. As the nurse, you know that:
A. This is a serious allergic reaction to albuterol and need to call the HCP.
B. These are expected adverse reactions from the albuterol and you will CTM as you treat the asthma attack.
C. These VS indicate that the albuterol is not working and she needs to be taken to an ED for more aggressive respiratory management.
B. These are expected adverse reactions from the albuterol and you will CTM as you treat the asthma attack.
Antitussive medications such as codeine, an opioid, or dextromethorphan (Delysm), are prescribed for which of the following reasons?
A. to suppress the cough reflex
B. relieve nasal congestion
C. prevent bronchospasm
A
True/False: It is safe to consume alcohol while taking antihistamines.
FALSE
Since B2 adrenergic agonists, such as albuterol, increase the SNS, which of the following conditions would you proceed with caution if there's a history? select 3
A. hypertension
B. coronary artery disease
C. tachyarrhythmias
D. bradycardia
ABC
A nurse knows she should educate her elderly patient starting the medication beclomethasone (Qvar) about which of the following points? Select 3
A. Clean mouth piece at least weekly by removing drug canister and running warm water through the top and bottom, shake out excess water, and allow to air dry
B. She should monitor her mouth for white patches or signs of infection.
C. She should use this medication during an acute asthma attack.
D. May cause vision changes; encourage annual eye exams
ABD
S/s of allergic rhinitis include all of the following except:
A. flushing of the skin
B. intranasal itching
C. constriction of smooth muscles (bronchioles)
D. vasoconstriction of arterioles & decreased capillary permeability
D. vasoconstriction of arterioles & decreased capillary permeability