Upper Respiratory
True or False. Overusing nasal sprays for congestion can cause a paradoxical effect of congestion.
What is True.
What is the most common type of pneumonia?
Viral
One or both of these processes are inadequate with acute respiratory failure.
Oxygenation and Ventilation
What is the classic characteristic for developing ARDS?
Refractory hypoxemia.
What classification of drugs are not recommended when patients have been diagnosed with ARDS?
Diuretics (ARDS is an inflammatory condition)
When looking at ENT problems, what is the priority assessment you must check for and stabilize?
Airway (in case of obstruction)
Which age group commonly suffers from hypothermia and confusion if diagnosed with pneumonia?
Older or debilitated patients.
If hypoxemic, the PaO2 will be less than ____ on greater than ____ oxygen.
60mm Hg and 60%
Why is hand hygiene, semi-fowlers position, daily oral care with chlorhexidine important for a patient on a ventilator with ARDS?
To prevent ventilator assisted pneumonia (VAP).
What is the priority intervention in all respiratory problems?
Airway patency.
When suctioning via a tracheostomy, what must you ensure to avoid the complication of infection?
Sterile technique.
This test is the gold standard for diagnosis of Tuberculosis.
Sputum culture for AFB
Frequent assessments of the respiratory system are a priority due to what failure leads to respiratory failure.
Compensatory mechanisms
What is typically found on a chest xray >72hrs as ARDS progresses?
If a patient is short of breath and has a SpO2 of 93% on 2L NC O2, what initial action should the nurse take?
Increase the O2 flow.
What is the priority assessment when a patient presents with "raccoon eyes" and a nasal fracture?
Basilar skull fracture
What should you assess for in the musculoskeletal system if diagnosed with lung cancer? (give 2)
What is the first clinical sign of respiratory failure?
Change in mental status
This complication is usually related to hypotension, hypoxemia or drugs treating ARDS related infections.
Acute kidney injury.
What is the most common antibiotic class for bacterial community assisted pneumonia?
Macrolides (e.g. Erythromycin)
Why is nuchal rigidity an important assessment to look for with sinusitis?
Complication: intracranial abscess
This drug is used for the fungal infection pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, while antifungals can not treat it.
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Septra or Bactrim)
What condition can happen if a patient is using high oxygen levels for an extended time?
Pulmonary fibrosis related to O2 replacing nitrogen in the alveoli which keeps them open.
What is best practice for positioning with ARDS patients?
Prone positioning to recruit alveoli.
To reduce dyspnea at rest with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, drug therapy is geared towards what process?