Smoking
Respiratory System
Pulmonary continued
Respiratory and Mobility
Mobility continued
100
___________ remains the single largest preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the U.S. (CDC)
What is Tobacco use
100
Normal lung function requires a balanced interrelationship among what three body systems?
What is the respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems.
100
Pulmonary Circulation is important to respiratory process. The pulmonary artery carries_____________blood and the pulmonary veins carry_____________blood.
What is pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood and the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood. Only artery in the body carrying deoxygenated blood.
100
What groups are at greatest risk of TB?
What is HIV/AIDS Close contact with those known to have TB Immunocompromised patients Malnourished Foreing-born from countries ith high TB rates (Mexico, Philippines, Vietnam) Those who work/live in nursing homes, prisions, hospitals Alcoholics, IV drug users, homeless
100
When is surgical treatment considered for osteoarthritis?
When medical management fails; patient has unrelieved pain.
200
Nicotine replacement therapy is an effective 'quit smoking' treatment when combined with behavior therapy. What education should be given about nicotine therapy upon discharge?
1. Needs to be used consistently 2. Best when combined with behavior therapy 3. Best with family support 4. Do not use more than prescribed amt of nicotine patch especially if cardiac or HTN history.
200
What anatomical structure prevents aspiration?
What is Epiglottis
200
Physical exam is important for respiratory disease both acute and chronic. What acute symptoms would the nurse be most concerned about?
What is: decreased pulse ox, dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, flared nostrils, dusky skin color. Late symptoms: barrel chest, clubbing, thin with accentuated neck muscles.
200
Anemia caused by two major problems?
What is bleeding or decrease in circulating RBCs/HGB or decrease in production of RBCs (bone marrow problem)
200
Acetaminophen or Tylenol is frequently prescribed for osteoarthritis pain. It is important to remember to not take more than___________per 24 hour period.
What is 4 gm per day. Unintentional overdose occurs frequently. Many over the counter drugs contain tylenol.
300
# of packs/day X # years smoked
What is Pack Year History Will see signs of COPD in as little as ten years.
300
What is the basic units of gas exchange?
What is Alveoli. The normal lung contain 300 million alveoli. Both lungs contain 35,000 terminal bronchioles. Bronchioles are conducting airways only not involved with gas exchange.
300
Bronchoscopy is an excellent diagnosic tool. It also can be used to:
What is obtain specimen, biopsy, promote drainage. It requires a surgical consent and conscious sedation. Need to monitor closely during procedure and until fully awake.
300
What is the number one cause of mobility problems in the US?
What is Age is #1 and Obesity is #2
300
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease in which bone demineralization results in decreased density and subsequent fractures. (decreased osteoblastic-bone building activity or increase in osteoclastic--reabsorbtion activity) Who is most at risk?
All ethnic backgrounds are at risk but thin white women most at risk.
400
How does smoking effect the heart?
What is increases atherosclerosis, BP and tendency to clot. It decreases exercise tolerance and HDL (good) cholesterol.
400
The main clinical difference between chronic bronchitis and emphasema is?
What is Chronic bronchitis has thick mucous secretion.
400
What mental health condition frequently accompanies a COPD diagnosis.
What is Anxiety.
400
Physical exam of the musculoskeletal exam include:
What is Observe for symmetry and gross deformity Observe posture, gait and general mobility. Assess muscle strength Assess pain--in patients own words. CMS (neurovascular) assessment: circulation (pulse) movement and sensation.
400
What is the primary difference between OA (osteoarthritis) and RA (rheumatoid arthritis)?
What is RA is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that is chronic and progressive. It affects bilateral joints. The sooner treatment is started the better outcome.
500
True or False: The earlier you quit, the greater the health benefits.
What is true Risks increase steeply with age. Lung cancer risks start decreasing so that after 10 years an ex smokers risk is about a third to half of that of smokers. Stopping by age 30 avoids more than 90% of risks.
500
Exacerbation of COPD is usually caused by?
What is infection/pneumonia
500
The cardiac complication that occurs over time related to COPD is?
What is cor pulmonary (right sided heart failure) and atrial fibrillation.
500
#1 presenting symptom
What is Pain
500
Neck and back pain may be acute or chronic. Unfortunately there are few diagnostic tests to confirm back pain. Surgery is also not always helpful. What patient education is important?
What is pain management (pain is whatever the person experiencing it says it is), prevention, PT or exercise, weight loss, health promotion, CAM
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