Breathing Mechanics
This law explains that as thoracic volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases.
What is Boyle’s Law?
The form in which the majority of CO2 is transported in the blood.
What is bicarbonate?
The cluster of capillaries where the initial filtration of blood occurs.
What is the glomerulus?
The hormone responsible for increasing water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins.
What is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
A blood pH below 7.35 is defined as this.
What is acidosis?
This muscle contracts during quiet inspiration to increase thoracic volume.
What is the diaphragm?
This effect explains how high CO2 and H+ levels cause hemoglobin to unload oxygen more easily.
What is the Bohr Effect?
These cells in the distal tubule sense NaCl concentration to help regulate GFR.
What are macula densa cells?
This hormone, released by the adrenal cortex, promotes Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
What is Aldosterone?
This condition is caused by a genetic defect in a chloride channel protein.
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
This type of cell primarily handles gas exchange, forms the air-blood barrier, and helps structure the pulmonary alveolus.
What are Type 1 alveolar cells?
Fetal hemoglobin shifts the dissociation curve in this direction compared to adult hemoglobin.
What is to the left?
This term describes the amount of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys.
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
The enzyme released by the kidney that initiates the production of Angiotensin II.
What is Renin?
If a patient is hyperventilating, they are likely attempting to compensate for this.
What is metabolic acidosis?
This pressure is normally negative and keeps the lungs pressed against the chest wall; if it equals atmospheric pressure, the lung collapses.
What is intrapleural pressure?
This gas binds to hemoglobin with an affinity 200 times higher than oxygen.
What is carbon monoxide?
The primary site in the nephron where glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed.
What is the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?
This hormone acts as an antagonist to RAAS, promoting sodium and water excretion to lower blood pressure.
What is ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)?
A standard clinical marker that rises in the blood when the kidneys fail to filter nitrogenous waste.
What is plasma creatinine?
The "fine-tuning" centers located in the brainstem that smooth the transitions between inspiration and expiration.
What are the pontine respiratory centers?
The process where Cl- enters red blood cells to maintain electrical neutrality as HCO3- leaves.
What is the chloride shift?
These cells in the collecting duct manage acid-base balance by secreting H+.
What are intercalated cells?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) affects the kidney to increase the reabsorption of this specific ion.
What is Calcium?
The specific term for the loss of lung inflation due to the equalization of pressures in the pleural cavity.
What is a pneumothorax?