Diagnostics
This diagnostic is commonly used to diagnose pneumonia or a pneumothorax
x-ray
This surgical airway may be temporary or permanent
Tracheostomy
ABG's are commonly used with asthmatics. What results would a nurse anticipate?
Low PaO2, initially low PaCO2, eventually high PaCO2
These diagnostics are used to diagnose COPD
ABG's, PFT's
Expected findings include chest discomfort, fever, SOB, yellow or green sputum, crackles, and/or coughing
Pneumonia
I am an expected finding in a chest tube
Tidaling
A pulmonary vasculature obstruction
Pulmonary embolism
MRI
This oxygen modality has an adjustable O2 flow
Venturi mask
Your patient is being started on a metered dose inhaler. How would you explain to self administer this?
exhales normally just prior to releasing the medication, inhales deeply as the medication is released, then holds the medication in the lungs for approximately 10 seconds prior to exhaling.
These medications are commonly used with COPD
SABA, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics
Inflammatory response to infection that produces excess fluid to fill the alveoli
Pneumonia
In the event of an accidental removal of a chest tube, these steps should be taken
Place tube into the water, cover with occlusive dressing, notify provider
Risk factors for a pulmonary embolism
Long-Term Immobility, OPC's, pregnancy, smoking, obesity, surgery, A Fib, increased age
The most accurate respiratory assessment
ABG
Explain how to perform incentive spirometry
Assume a semi-fowler position or an upright position before initiating therapy
Place the mouthpiece of the spirometer firmly in the mouth. Breath air in (inspire) slowly through the mouth and hold the breath at the end of inspiration for about 3 seconds to maintain the ball/indicator between the lines. Exhale slowly through the mouthpiece.
Cough during and after each session. Splint the incision when coughing postoperatively. Repeat the procedure about 10 times in succession, repeating 10 breaths every hour.
Medications used for treatment for asthma
SABA, LABA, inhaled corticosteroids, anitcholinergics, oral steroids, Leukotrine modifiers
Common expected assessment findings of someone with COPD
DOE, productive cough, tachypnea, barrel chest, hypoxemia, thin extremities, clubbing, labored breathing
RIPES
TB Drugs:
Rifampicin (red-orange secretions), Isoniazid (peripheral neuritis), Pyrazinamide (uric acid), Ethambutol (visual problems), Streptomyocin (ototoxic)
Presence of air or fluid in the pleural space that collapses the lung
pneumothorax
Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli mainly secondary to heart failure
Pulmonary edema
This diagnostic can visualize and biopsy tissue, remove foreign bodies or secretions, and/or help visualize the lungs
Broncoscopy
Define ICOUGH
IS, CDB, oral care, understanding, getting out of bed TID, HOB elevated
Life threatening airway obstruction that does not respond to regular treatment
Status asthmaticus
Explain what happens physically to someone with COPD
Loss of lung elasticity, lungs are hyper-inflated, alveoli destroyed, CO2 remains behind. Inflammation of bronchi
Symptoms of Tuberculosis
Persistent cough (>3 weeks), purulent sputum, fatigue and lethargy, weight loss & anorexia, night sweats, low grade fever in the afternoon
Two or more contiguous rib fractures with two or more breaks per rib
Flail chest
Expected findings include pulmonary edema, bilateral patchy infiltrates, and severe hypoxia despite 100% O2
ARDS
This is used to aid with some invasive procedures
Fluoroscopy
A leak proof mask that is used with COPD or ventilator assistance
BiPap (bi-level positive airway pressure)
Explain the patient education that would be provided to a patient with asthma
Smoking Cessation, recognize & avoid triggers (environmental, air pollutants strong odors, seasonal allergies, stress, medications, chemicals
Self Administer Inhaler and Importance of Adhering to Medication Regimen
Identify potential nursing interventions for a patient with COPD
Position, ICOUGH, potentially O2, weights, diet, meds, physiotherapy, fluids
Patient education for an influenza A positive patient
Annual Flu Vaccination, hand Hygiene, Cough Etiquette, Social Distancing, Increase Fluids, Rest, Stay Home
Avoid Travel to Areas with Pandemic Flu
An air leak will be characterized by intermittent or frequent bubbling in the water seal chamber when the patient with a pneumothorax exhales or coughs
Continuous bubbling of this chamber indicates large air leak between the drain and the patient
Symptoms include apnea for more than 10 seconds or longer a minimum of 5 times an hour
OSA