major functions
Provides surface for these two gas exchanges
What are O2 and CO2
Regional anatomy for the upper respiratory tract
What are the nose, pharynx, and larynx?
Regional anatomy for the lower respiratory system.
What are the trachea, bronchi, and the lungs?
Pouch-like structure of gas exchange surrounded by basket of capillaries that form an alveolar sac with central atrium.
What is alveolus?
produce sound when air passes between them when adducted
What is vocal cords?
Facilitates this sense.
What is sense of smell?
warms and cleanses inhaled air while the resonating chamber amplifies your voice.
What is the nose?
Windpipe that allows the esophagus to expand when swallowed food
What is the trachea?
This dramatically increases surface area for gas exchange in the alveolus
Relaxed, automatic breathing
What is quiet respiration?
Regulates body fluid pH by eliminating this gas.
What is eliminating CO2?
Ensured trapping of most dust and warms and humidifies inspired air
What is the nasal conchae?
Found throughout the lower respiratory tracts that protects against pathogens, allergens, and dust
What is respiratory epithelium?
Covers 95% of alveolar S.A. that allows rapid gas diffusion between the alveoli and capillaries
What are type 1 alveolar cells?
Deep, rapid breathing; subject to conscious effort
What is forced respiration?
The secretion of angiotensin II (a hormone) affect this
What is BP?
Muscular funnel between posterior nasal choanae and larynx
What is the pharynx?
Organs of gas exchange; right with 3 lobes and left with 2 lobes
What are lungs?
Covers rest of surface (2%) that repairs damaged epithelium and secretes pulmonary surfactant.
What are type 2 alveolar cells?
Arises from the difference in air pressure between lungs and outside environment; the lungs do not ventilate themselves
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Helps remove abdominal contents by way of this.
What is breath-holding (Valsalva maneuver)?
Voice box formed from 9 cartilages at superior end of trachea and keeps food and liquid out of trachea
What is the larynx?
Brings air directly into the alveoli that lacks cartilage.
What are bronchioles?
Most abundant lung cells that phagocytize dust particles then ride the mucociliary escalator out of lungs into the stomach
What are alveolar macrophages (dust cells)?
Prime mover of respiration; responsible for 2/3 of airflow
What is the diaphragm?