Anatomy of
only external visible respiratory organ
nose
name for > 300 million air sacs in lungs
alveoli
condition where person suffers from brief periods of cessation of breathing
apnea
what happens if a person holds their breath and passes out?
involuntary takes over--starts breathing again
instrument used to measure vital capacity
spirometer
most common place for inhaled materials to get lodged?
why?
right primary bronchi
shorter, straighter, and wider
scientific name for "breathing"
pulmonary ventilation
what does a thoracentesis remove? why would it be performed?
pleural fluid
decrease pressure; ease breathing
what 3 things does the "conducting passageways" do?
warm, purify, and humidify air prior to entering the lungs
thyroid cartilage that surrounds/protects vocal cords
adam's apple
Scientific name for:
a. Throat
b. Windpipe
c. Voice Box
a. Pharynx
b. Trachea
c. Larynx
a. 2 muscles that contract/relax to change size of thoracic cavity
b. 2 parts of brain that controls this
a. diaphragm and intercostals
b. pons and medulla
what is an iron lung?
who invented it?
why?
artificial external negative pressure respiration device (ventilator)
Philip Drinker
polio outbreak 1920's
explain what happens when "food goes down the wrong pipe"
epiglottis didn't work--food gets into larynx, then trachea; cough reflex
why does a person's nose run when it is cold outside?
capillaries in nose shrink, don't warm air; the cold causes ciliated cells in nose to slow down; leads to accumulation of mucus and backflow
b. its function?
a. spoon shaped flap of cartilage
b. pulled up when we swallow to prevent food from entering larynx
explain the difference between inspiration and expiration
inspiration = contraction of diaphragm/intercostals; increases size of bony thorax/lungs; creates vacuum-air rushes in
expiration = passive; muscles relax; bony thorax/lungs return to normal size; air rushes out
normal respiration rate?
increased rate?
lack of oxygen, turn blue, get dizzy & faint
eupnea (12-20 breaths/min)
hypernea
cyanosis
a. what is atelectasis?
b. how does it occur?
a. collapsed lung
b. interpleural pressure = atmospheric pressure
a. goblet cells
b. trap contaminants and push them toward the throat to be swallowed/digested
a. divides the lungs into lobes
b. how many lobes in right vs left lung?
c. lining on inside of lungs to keep slippery
d. outside of lungs
a. fissures
b. right = 3; left = 2
c. parietal pleura
d. visceral pleura
explain the Negative Pressure Rule
when we inhale, volume increases, interpleural pressure decreases and atmospheric pressure increases; this causes us to exhale, volume decreases, interpleural pressure increases and atmospheric pressure decreases
result: lungs never lose all their air (under normal conditions)
explain the difference between hyperventilation and hypoventilation
hyper- increase respiration rate, gets rid of CO2 (dizzy/faint); blood pH increases = alkalosis
hypo- decrease respiration rate, build up of Carbonic acid; blood pH decreases = acidosis
explain the difference between internal and external respiration
internal- body tissues; drops off O2, picks up CO2
external- lungs; O2 binds to hemoglobin; picks up O2, drops off CO2
name and explain the 3 sections of the pharynx
1. nasopharynx-between internal nares and soft palate; connects to eustachian tubes of middle ear
2. oropharynxy-posterior to oral cavity
3. laryngopharynx-extends to larynx; where respiratory/digestive pathways diverge