Airway Avenue
This structure warms, moistens, and filters incoming air.
What is nasal cavity?
The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Where does external respiration occur?
What are the lungs (alveoli)?
Which system works with the respiratory system to transport gases?
What is the cardiovascular system?
the diaphragm separates these two body cavities.
What are the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
This structure prevents food from entering the trachea.
What is the epiglottis?
These muscles contract during inhalation (list two).
What are the diaphragm & external intercostals?
How do the alveoli maximize gas exchange?
Large surface area + thin walls
Explain internal respiration.
What is gas exchange between blood and tissue cells.
As activity increases, what happens to blood CO₂ levels?
What is CO₂ increases?
This structure is responsible for producing sound.
What is the larynx?
When the diaphragm relaxes, chest volume ______ and pressure ______.
What is volume decreases; pressure increases?
What percent of O₂ is carried by red blood cells?
What is 95-98%?
This structure monitors CO₂ levels in the blood.
What is the brain stem?
Describe breathing rate and if it is voluntary or involuntary.
What is typically involuntary, but can be consciously controlled?
This structure serves as the passageway between the nasal cavity and larynx.
What is the pharynx?
Relaxation of the diaphragm causes this event.
What is air is forced out of the lungs; expiration?
What happens to bicarbonate ions once they reach the lungs?
What is they convert back into CO₂ and water to be exhaled?
List the processes of respiration in order.
Pulmonary ventilation → External respiration → Transport of O₂/CO₂ → Internal respiration
Starting with the alveoli, this is the pathway of organs as you exit the respiratory tract.
alveoli → bronchioles → bronchi → trachea → larynx → epiglottis → pharynx → nasal cavity → nose
A 4-year-old child inhales a small toy. X-ray shows it lodged in a tube that branches off the trachea and enters the lungs. Which structure did it most likely enter?
What is the right main (primary) bronchus?
A patient with severe abdominal trauma has a diaphragm that cannot contract normally. They struggle to pull air into the lungs. Which respiratory process is most directly impaired?
What is pulmonary ventilation?
A patient has emphysema, a disease that destroys alveoli. Their blood shows elevated CO₂ levels. Which part of gas exchange is directly impaired?
What is diffusion of CO₂ out of the blood (external respiration)?
A patient is extremely active and reports rapid, deep breathing. Labs show high CO₂ in the blood. What caused the increased breathing rate?
What is to expel excess CO₂ from the blood?
A patient has difficulty exhaling. Imaging shows the diaphragm is not relaxing properly. What effect will this have on thoracic volume and pressure?
What is volume stays high, pressure stays low → difficult to push air out?