Air filled chamers in the mouth (shared with the digestive system)
What is the pharynx?
100
Pressure of the air inside the lungs.
What is pleural pressure?
100
Located in carotid arteries and aorta. Senses O2 levels in blood.
What orxygen chemoreceptors?
100
The volume of air remaining after maximal expiration that cannot be measured
What is residual volume?
100
Inflammation of the bronchioles. Infection increases. Mucous production and swelling occurs. Causes a difficulty in exhaling due to lower pleural pressure on inhalation.
What is bronchitis?
200
Tube supported by cartilage c-rings that is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) and mucous to clean and sweep debris away from the lungs (phlegm)
What is the trachea?
200
Regulates pressure in chest cavity. Separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
What is a diaphragm?
200
Hemoglobin forms a weak bond with oxygen, producing _____ allowing more O2 to be carried to the body for consumption.
What is oxyhemoglobin?
200
Amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in a single breath.
What is Vital Capacity?
200
Chronic inflammation of the brochioles. Difficulty exhaling causing a built up pressure in the lungs. Alveolar walls stretch and rupture. Causes increased breathing rate, heart rate, smaller lung volume.
What is ephysema?
300
Voice box. Protects the vocal cords which are two thin sheets of elastic ligaments that vibrate when air is forced passed them.
What is the larynx?
300
Used during times of extreme excercise and are used to pull the rib cage down, not used in normal breathing.
What are internal intercostal muscles?
300
CO2 combined with hemoglobin.
What is carbaminohemoglobin?
300
Maximum volume of additional air that can be expired from the end of a normal expiration.
What is expiratory reserve volume?
300
Characterized by an uncontrolled growth of cells. The solid mass causes a decrease in surface area for diffusion. Tumors may block bronchioles.
What is lung cancer?
400
2 large branches. One to each lung. Contains cilia and C-rings.
What are bronchi?
400
Diaphragm contracts. Chest increases volume. Pressure decreases. Atmospheric pressure is greater and air moves into the lungs. External intercostal muscle (between ribs) contract. This increases chest volume and lowers pleural pressure.
What is inspiration?
400
Increases this chemical reaction (H2CO3->H+ + CO3) causing a lower partial pressure of CO2.
An Enzyme.
What is Carbonic Anyhydrase?
400
Maximum amount of air that can be inspired from the end of a normal inspiration.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
400
Inflammation of the larynx resulting in temporary voice loss.
What is laryngitis?
500
150 million sacs (tiny balloons) at the end of bronchioles. Increase surface area for gas exhange. Covered in capillaries so the gases can enter and leave blood. The gases diffuse because the air in the lungs has a higher oxygen content than the blood. Coated in lipoproteins so they don't stick shut.
What are alveoli?
500
Occurs when there is a higher pressure in the pleural cavity than the atmosphere (air out of lungs). Diaphragm relaxes returns to the dome shape due to force of organs in the abdominal cavity. Chest volume decreases. External intercostal muscles relax. Fluid within the pleural membrane pushes against lungs and air is forced out.
What is expiration?
500
64% of CO2 is combined with _____ in plasma to produce carbonic acid.
What is water?
500
Amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled.
What is tidal volume?
500
An apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired by lungs.