Respiratory Conditions
This chronic inflammatory condition of the airways is characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm.
What is asthma?
In this respiratory condition, there is chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to airflow limitation.
What is chronic bronchitis?
Name two nursing interventions for a patient with pneumonia.
What are administering antibiotics and promoting coughing and deep breathing exercises?
Name two classes of medications commonly used to manage symptoms of COPD.
What are short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) and inhaled corticosteroids?
Describe the purpose of performing arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis in patients with respiratory disorders.
What is assessing acid-base balance, oxygenation status, and ventilation adequacy?
This condition involves the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, leading to compression of the lung tissue and impaired gas exchange.
What is pleural effusion?
This condition is characterized by the formation of blood clots in the pulmonary arteries, leading to obstruction of blood flow to the lungs.
What is pulmonary embolism?
Describe the nursing care priorities for a patient undergoing a bronchoscopy procedure.
What is ensuring informed consent, monitoring respiratory status, and providing pre-and post-procedure care?
Describe the mechanism of action of beta-agonist bronchodilators.
What is stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors in the airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation?
What is the significance of a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB)?
What is indicating exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the need for further diagnostic evaluation?
In this condition, there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs, impairing oxygenation and ventilation.
What is pulmonary edema?
In this condition, there is increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and eventual heart failure.
What is pulmonary hypertension?
What nursing interventions are essential for patients receiving oxygen therapy via nasal cannula?
What is monitoring oxygen saturation, assessing respiratory characteristics, and ensuring proper cannula positioning?
What is the role of diuretics in managing patients with pulmonary edema?
What is promoting diuresis to reduce fluid volume overload and alleviate pulmonary congestion?
Name two imaging studies commonly used to evaluate respiratory conditions.
What are chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan?
This respiratory condition is characterized by irreversible destruction of the alveoli, leading to decreased lung elasticity and airflow limitation.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
This condition involves the abnormal growth of cells in the lung tissue, which can lead to the formation of tumors and metastasis.
What is lung cancer?
Describe the nursing management for a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
What is providing mechanical ventilation, administering oxygen therapy, and monitoring for complications such as barotrauma and infection?
Describe the purpose of administering anticoagulants to patients with pulmonary embolism.
What is preventing further clot formation and reducing the risk of embolization?
Describe the purpose of performing a pulmonary function test (PFT) in patients with suspected lung disease.
What is assessing lung function, measuring airflow rates, and diagnosing conditions such as asthma and COPD?
This condition involves the collapse of a portion of the lung due to air or gas collecting in the pleural space.
What is a pneumothorax?
In this condition, there is dysfunction of the mucociliary escalator and increased mucus production, leading to airway obstruction and recurrent respiratory infections.
What is cystic fibrosis?
What are the nursing priorities for a patient with a tracheostomy tube?
What is maintaining airway patency, suctioning as needed, monitoring for signs of infection, and providing tracheostomy care?
What are the indications for administering bronchodilators to patients with COPD exacerbation?
What is relieving bronchospasm, improving airflow, and reducing dyspnea?
Interpret the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L.
The ABG results indicate respiratory acidosis.
The pH is below the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating acidemia. The PaCO2 is elevated (>45 mmHg), suggesting respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. The HCO3- level is within the normal range (22-26 mEq/L), indicating an uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
This pattern suggests inadequate alveolar ventilation leading to carbon dioxide retention and subsequent respiratory acidosis.