Respiration
What is respiratory rate?
The total number of breaths that occur each minute
What is the trachea?
Extends from the larynx toward the lungs providing a passageway for air into the thorax (chest)
What organ is the main site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?
Lungs
The smallest vessels branching from the smallest bronchi are called....
Bronchioles
Boyle's law states that gas volume is ________ to pressure.
inversely proportional
What is inspiratory reserve?
The extra volume that can be brought into the lungs during a forced inspiration
What is the nasopharynx?
the portion of the pharynx posterior to the nasal cavity.
An alveolar sac is a cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for.....
gas exchange
What best describes the dorsum nasi?
the length of the nose
The major factor that stimulates the medulla oblongata and the pons to produce respiration is the concentration of _______________ in the blood.
Carbon Dioxide
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air that normally enters the lungs during quiet breathing
The oropharynx is a passageway for __________.
both air and food
Type II alveolar cells secrete an oily substance to decrease the water molecule cohesion called....
surfactant
Our voices do not sound the same due to anatomical variation in the....
Larynx
Fetal hemoglobin molecules have a ________ affinity for oxygen than maternal hemoglobin molecules.
higher
What respiratory measurement is calculated as the volume of air that reaches the respiratory membrane in a minute?
Alveolar ventilation
What organs are in the conducting zone?
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
What organs are in the respiratory zone?
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
What are the lobes of the right and left lung:
Right: superior, middle, and inferior
Left: superior and inferior
A small fraction of the carbon dioxide molecules that diffuse into the blood can be transported to the lungs on hemoglobin, referred to as....
Carbaminohemoglobin
The four major respiratory volumes are:
1. Tidal
2. Residual
3. Inspiratory Reserve
4. Expiratory Reserve
C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
What are type I alveolar cells?
a squamous epithelial cell that makes up the walls of the alveoli
What is the philtrum?
Concave surface that connects the apex of the nose to the upper lip
Henry's Law states:
The rate of diffusion is based on the available surface area, the concentration gradient, the membrane and membrane thickness