Muscles + one structure
The primary organs that conduct breathing (Hoit et al, 2022). It is comprised of resilient elastic fibers that are porous and spongy.
Lungs
The volume of air inspired or expired during the breathing cycle (Zelenke, n.d.).
Tidal volume (TV)
This structure is also referred to as the voice box and functions as an airway and a component of the alimentary canal (Hoit et al., 2022). It is a tube with a mucous membrane lining (Visible Body courseware, n.d.). It consists of three parts that begin with the prefixes naso-, oro-, and laryngo-.
Pharynx
Also called Tidal Breathing, requires 40% inhalation and 60% exhalation, maintains O^2 to CO^2 balance, and is automatic and efficient for survival (Zelenke, n.d.).
Life breathing
Exercises that strengthen the muscles used for breathing by applying resistance, similar to strength training for other muscles (Zelenke, n.d.).
Respiratory Muscle Strength Training (RMST)
The primary muscle used in inspiration is a part of the upper cavity of the respiratory system (Hoit et al., 2022) (Virtual Body Courseware, n.d.). It also divides the abdominal and thoracic cavity. During the action of inspiration, it diminishes while its dome flattens and its descends, thus enlarging the thoracic cavity to allow air into the lungs (Zelenke, n.d.).
Diaphragm and its purpose
The maximum volume of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration (or inspired after a maximum expiration) (Zelenke, n.d.).
Vital capacity (VC)
This organ gives us an airway to breathe (Visible Body Courseware, n.d). It is a part of the lower respiratory system and is the highest air passage we have in this system. It contains vestibular folds which help us control the passage of air and aid in swallowing. It also contains the vocal cords which help us produce sound.
Larynx
Requires 10% inhalation and 90% exhalation, longer exhalation allows for control to power speech, and is adapted for communication (Zelenke, n.d.).
Speech breathing
A method used to plan exercise programs that considers how often (frequency), how hard (intensity), how long (time), and what kind (type) of activity is done (Zelenke, n.d.).
FIIT Principle
These muscles also aid us in inspiration by lifting the ribcage and increasing volume within the thoracic cavity to allow us to breathe (Zelenke, n.d.). Its role in speech production allows us to phonate and speak smoothly. It is comprised of 11 muscles and its fibers both descend and go forward, plus it is orientated laterally between the ribs (Hoit et al., 2022) (Virtual Body clinician, n.d.) (Zelenke, n.d.).
External intercostal muscles
The volume of air in the pulmonary apparatus after a maximum inspiration (Zelenke, n.d.).
Total Lung Capacity
Oral cavity
This structure is where the process of digestion begins by masticating food and combining it with salivary gland secretions prior to traveling down the pharynx (Visible Body Courseware, n.d.).
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, volume and pressure are inversely proportional (Zelenke, n.d.).
Boyle's Law
A test that measures how much air a person can breathe in and out, and how quickly they can push air out of their lungs (Zelenke, n.d.).
Spirometry
These muscles facilitate forced exhalation, thus lowering the ribs (Zelenke, n.d.). It is medial and deeply situated between the ribs. It shrinks in the thoracic cavity to allow air to escape the lungs, plus tugs the ribs down. It is vital for speech as it plays a role in controlled expiration.
Internal intercostal
The maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the tidal end-inspiratory level (Zelenke, n.d.).
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Nasal cavity
These are right and left chambers within the nose that help us inhale air and keep it warm (Visible Body Courseware, n.d.). Mucous and cilia within the lining of this structure capture unwanted particles that we breathe in.
The air pressure that builds up just below the vocal folds, needed to start and sustain voicing (Hoit et al., 2022).
Subglottic pressure
A group of tests that look at how well the lungs work by checking breathing, air volumes, and gas exchange (Zelenke, n.d.).
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)
This structure consists of a right and left portion that connects the trachea to both lungs (Visible Body Courseware, n.d.). Its exterior contains circular portions of hyaline cartilage swathed in elastic fibrous membrane. The inside contains mucous membrane.
Bronchi
The maximum volume of air that can be expired from the tidal end-expiratory level (Zelenke, n.d.).
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
This structure is also referred to as the windpipe and functions as a pivotal airway (Hoit et al., 2022) (Visible Body Courseware, n.d.). Its exterior is surrounded by loops of hyaline cartilage enveloped by elastic fibrous membrane.
Trachea
The process of producing sound when the vocal folds vibrate as air passes through them (Hoit et al., 2022).
Phonation
A test that checks how easily oxygen moves from the air sacs in the lungs into the blood (Zelenke, n.d.).
Diffusion Capacity (DLCO)