Structures
It is also known as the throat and serves as the common passageway for food, liquids and air
pharynx
This is the main function of the respiratory system
to supply the body with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide
It is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration
residual volume
It is the process the cells go through where glucose is turned into ATP, usually with the use of oxygen
cellular respiration
this non-respiratory air movement serves the purpose of clearing the lower passageways
coughing
These are the three secondary functions that the nasal cavity carries out
warming, humidifying and filtering the incoming air
It is defined as the maximum volume of air one's lungs can hold
total lung capacity
It is the part of respiration that occurs between the lungs and the blood
external respiration
this substance humidifies and filters the incoming air
mucus
They are the small branches inside the lungs that lead to the respiratory zone
bronchioles
This is the name of the process responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during external and internal respiration
(simple) diffusion
It is defined as the total amount of exchangeable air
vital capacity
It is the four steps in order that make up the process of respiration and make cellular respiration possible
pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
external respiration
respiratory gas transport
internal respiration
This is the order of the organs that air passes through on its way to entering the bloodstream
nose (nostrils), nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pulmonary capillaries
It prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing
epiglottis
These are the six secondary functions of the respiratory system
1. warm the incoming air
2. filter the incoming air
3. humidify the incoming air
4. create vocal sounds
5. sense of smell
6. regulate the blood pH
It is the volume of air that can be expired after a normal tidal expiration
expiratory reserve volume
These are the four steps of inspiration
1. diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
2. lung volume increases
3. air pressure in the lungs decreases
4. air enters the lungs to equalize the pressure
This the name for the path air takes to get to and from the site of external respiration
conducting zone
They produce the mucus
paranasal sinuses
These are the two jobs of the pleural fluid
They glue the pleurae together to ensure the lungs expand with the ribcage and they allow the lungs to glide over the thorax
It is the volume of air present in the lungs after a tidal expiration
functional residual capacity
This is the term for a compromise in the intrapleural space that would not allow inspiration to occur
pneumothorax
These are the two reasons that residual volume is important
1. it keeps the lungs from collapsing
2. it keeps gas exchange constant