Anatomy & Histology
The urinary bladder is comprised of three layers of cells, the basal layer, the intermediate layer, and the ____ layer.
What is superficial?
This is the optimum number of voided urine samples to detect bladder tumor
What is 3?
Cytologic findings from this condition include small, dark, degenerated glandular and stromal cells in a background of blood.
What is endometriosis?
Three factors associated with urinary crystals
What are
• patient state of hydration
• pH of the urine
• diet
• renal disease (excessive numbers)
The two therapies used to treat urothelial carcinoma that is still superficial by suppressing tumor growth are
What are Thiotepa and Mitomycin C?
The female urethra is lined by this type of epithelium
What is stratified squamous epithelium?
Hypercellular samples consisting of pseudopapillary clusters and reactive & degenerative changes can interfere with interpretation of this sample type
What is catheterized urine?
This is the most common fungal agent found in urinary tract specimens
What is candida?
Coffin lid
Triple phosphate
True or False: Radiation changes in the urinary tract are identical to those seen in the female genital tract
What is true?
This portion of the urogenital sinus forms the urinary bladder
What is the superior portion?
This method of collection samples a large surface area and is preferred when there is a high clinical suspicion of malignancy
What is urinary bladder wash (barbotage)?
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies are characteristic of this granulomatous disease
What is malakoplakia?
small, round dumbbell shaped
Calcium carbonate
This immunotherapy treatment for superficial HGUC, with non-invasive lesions produces a pattern of neutrophils then increasingly lymphocytes, epitheliod histiocytes, and multi-nucleated giant cells
What is the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine?
Urothelial cells are unique in that they consist of two features. These features include the asymmetric unit membrane and this other feature.
What are "fusiform vesicles"?
True or false: Urine cytology remains the gold standard for diagnosing urothelial cancer and predicting biologic behavior
What is true?
"Decoy cells", which commonly mimic High Grade Urothelial Carcinoma, are associated with this viral agent
What is human polyoma virus?
Maltese cross
Starch
Cytoxan/Cyclophosphamide is used to treat lupus and this disease
What is rheumatoid disease?
Basal and intermediate urothelial cells are cytologically similar. For this reason they are described as ______, which are rarely found in voided urine samples.
What are "deep urothelial cells"?
Ileal conduit specimens are usually highly cellular but consist of mainly these cells
What are intestinal glandular cells?
This infectious agent is common in the Middle East, Africa, and South America and is associated with increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
What is Schistosoma Haematobium?
Found in diets that include a lot of spinach, apples, and tomatoes
Calcium Oxalate
Changes such as an increase in cell size, multi-nucleation with cytoplasmic vacuolization, and dysplastic-like nuclear changes are characteristic of
What is Chemotherapy?