what connects the pharynx and the trachea and consists of the following Epiglottis, Glottis, Thyroid cartilage, Cricoid cartilage, and vocal cords . It is often reffered to as the voice box
What is the larynx
100
Paired elastic structure enclosed in the thoracic cage. It is an airtight chamber with walls that distend
What is the lungs
100
Gas exchange between the lungs and blood and between the blood tissues is called
What is respiration
100
This imbalance occurs as a result of inadequate ventilation, inadequate perfusion or both. There are four possible states of this imbalance. One of these states is one of the main causes of hypoxia in patients with after thoracic or abdominal surgery and most types of respiratory failures
What is Ventilation and perfusion Balance and Imbalance or V/Q mismatch or V/Q imbalance
100
The maximum volume of air exhaled from the point of maximum inspiration. A decrease in this may be found I neuromuscular disease, generalized fatigue, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, COPD, and obesity
What is Vital Capacity
200
What is a tube like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx. It is divided into three regions the nasal, oral, and laryngeal.
What is Pharynx
200
The lungs are enclosed in a serous membrane called the
What is pleura
200
The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after normal inhalation
What is expiratory reserve volume
200
List four conditions that are influenced by genetic factors that affect respiratory function
What is Asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
200
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration. It may be increased with COPD and decreased with ARDS and obesity
What is Functional Residual
300
Includes four pairs of bony cavities. They are connected by a series of ducts that drain into the nasal cavity.A prominent function is to serve as a resonating chamber in speech. They are often a site of infection
What is Paranasal Sinuses
300
The lungs and wall of the thoracic cavity are lined with this serous membrane
What is Pluera
300
Elasticity and expandability of the lungs and thoracic structure. Allows the lung volume to increase when the difference in pressure between the atmosphere and thoracic cavity (pressure gradient) causes air to flow in. It is considered normal if the lungs and thorax easily stretch and distend when pressure is applied.
What is Compliance
300
Name four conditions that cause low compliance or distensibility of the lungs
What is Morbid obesity, atelectasis, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary fibrosis, edema, pleural effusion, ARDS
300
The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation.
What is Inspiratory Reserve volume
400
It is composed of smooth muscle with C-shaped rings of cartilage at regular intervals. It serves as a passage between the larynx and the right and left main stem bronchi
What is the Trachea
400
The lung is made of 300 million of these. There total surface area is between 50-100 square meters, approximately the size of a tennis court. There are two types of cells, type 2 cells are responsible for producing surfactant.
What is Alveoli
400
It is the process of by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
What is Pulmonary diffusion
400
What are the four common phenomena that can alter bronchial diameter
What is streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis
400
the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled forcibly after a normal exhalation. This can be decreased with restrictive conditions such as obesity, ascites, and pregnancy
What is expiratory reserve volume
500
The right and left main stem bronchi enter the lungs through this opening
What is Hilus
500
Conducting airways contain about 150 ml of air in the tracheobronchial tree that does not participate in gas exchange. This is known as
What is physiologic dead space
500
Blood is pumped into the lungs by the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery divides into the right and left branches that supply the lungs with blood.
What is Pulmonary Perfusion
500
The two centers of the brain that are responsible for the neurologic control of ventilation
What is apeustic center in the lower pons and the pneumotaxic center in the upper pons
500
The volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration. It may be decreased with restrictive disease such as atelectasis, and pneumonia and increased in COPD