Anatomy
what organ in the respiratory allows someone to speak or cry
the larynx (vocal chords)
what is a short, curved prong that fits into the nostril and what flow rates are acceptable
nasal canula
1-6L/min
low oxygen is known as
hypoxia
what are some respiratory changes that occur with aging
decreased elasticity, impaired cilia, drier mucous membranes, decreased oxygen saturation, thickening of membranes
Taking a breath in is called
inhalation/ventilation
What is another name for the "windpipe"
trachea
this oxygen device is used for short term oxygen needs with a flow rate of 6-12 L/min
simple face mask
a patient on 2 L bnc is receiving what percentage of oxygen
28%
the most common cause of an obstructed airway is
the tongue
the top of the lung is called the
apex
Where are the adenoids located
in the nasopharynx (behind the nose)
this mask is best for emergencies and a flow rate of 10-15 L/min, it has a reservoir bag
non-rebreather mask
high carbon dioxide is called
hypercapnia
how can we measure oxygen continuously and non-invasively
pulse oximetry (Sp02)
the functional units of the lung that allow oxygen exchange are called
hint: there are around 150million or more in each lung
alveoli
what closes when you swallow to protect your airway
the epiglottis
this is the device that oxygen is attached to and used to control the flow rate
flow meter
name symptoms of hypoxia
Early: irritability, confusion, restlessness
increased RR, cyanosis, cyanotic nail beds, chest retractions, decreased O2sat, dyspnea
what is the best way to improve oxygenation and prevent respiratory problems
ambulating patient, turn cough deep breath q2 hours, use incentive spirometer, fluids 1500-2000mL/day unless contraindicated
This is a byproduct of metabolism and also a stimulus to breathe
Carbon dioxide
What is the function of the mucus membranes and cilia in the airway
to trap dust, toxins, or bacteria and to warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs
this type of mask delivers a specific set flow rate
Hint: they are color coded and often used for COPD patients
venturi mask
a low oxygen on a blood gas level means
impaired internal respiration
how do you teach effective coughing
raise head of bed, take 2 deep breaths and then cough forcefully
the main function of the respiratory system is called
gas exchange