Ventilation/Perfusion
Process by which gases are moved in and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
X-ray
Occurs when the volume of air in the alveoli is less than the volume needed to keep it open, leading to collapse.
Atelectasis
Croup is most often caused by what type of virus
Parainfluenza virus
This shunt is present in fetal circulation. It bypasses the lungs by moving blood from the right atrium directly to the left atrium.
Foramen ovale
Base Excess (BE) represents the amount of buffer ions in whole blood. What is the main ion in BE?
HCO3 (bicarbonate)
Currently most used mode of ventilation. Pressure levels are titrated to achieve the "goal" tidal volume. Patient can take smaller or larger breaths.
Pressure regulated volume control (PRVC) or PCVG (Volume Guarantee)
A lack of ____ in premature babies can lead to lung collapse. ______ are given to promote lung maturation.
Lack of surfactant - corticosteroids given
Newer medication class used to treat Cystic fibrosis. It targets specific defects in the CFTR protein so it can work properly.
CFTR modulators
Medication given to attempt to close a Patent Ductus Arteriousus (PDA)
Indomethacin
SpO2 (pulse ox) of 90% indicates a PaO2 of ___ mmHg
60 mmHg - indicates arterial hypoxemia
Spontaneous ventilation with continuous airway pressure. Only used with spontaneous breathers.
CPAP
Deviation of the larynx and trachea from midline towards the unaffected side.
Mediastinal shift
Medication used in Croup to reduce airway inflammation. Fast acting but wears off quickly
Nebulized Racemic Epinephrine
Name at least 1 defect of the 4 malformations in Tetralogy of Fallot
1- Narrowing of the pulmonary artery
2- Ventricular septal defect
3- Overriding aorta
4- Hyperthrophy (enlargement) of the right ventricle
A test that is a more reliable indicator of respiratory depression because it measures end-tidal carbon dioxide or ETCO2.
Capnography
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
Name the 3 chambers inside a chest tube system
Water seal chamber, suction control, collection chamber
Injection given to protect certain infants and children 2 yrs old or younger who are at a high risk of serious complications of RSV.
Palivizumab (Synagis)
Type of heart murmur in children that is caused by an underlying heart defect.
Pathologic murmur
A type of scan that involves inhaling a radioactive gas which helps visualize where the air is going.
Ventilation Scan
Name at least 3 things included in the Ventilator Bundle
1- HOB always at 35-45 degrees
2- Interrupt sedation to assess for weaning
3- Daily oral care with chlorhexidine 0.12% strength
4- Peptic ulcer prophylaxis
5- DVT prophylaxis
6- hand hygiene
Submerge the end of the tube in sterile water to prevent air from getting into the pleural space
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Coarctation of the Aorta occurs more often in certain genetic syndromes such as ______.
Turner syndrome