Pumping and fluxing
The highest concentration of Na+ and Cl- is on this side of the cell membrane.
What is outside the cell?
The cell's main source of energy sleeps in this structure.
What is ATP?
A feline animal that shares its name with positively charged ions.
What is cations?
The Goldman equation is used to determine this.
What is the reversal potential across a cell's membrane?
The sodium potassium pump is this type of pump.
What is electrogenic or ATP-dependent?
Sodium attempts to enter the membrane when the channels are only open to potassium. The membrane denies his entrance, saying "Na, I'm _____".
What is resting?
This selectivity filter is similar to potassium's, but the amino acids inside the filter are positively charged.
What is the Cl- selectivity filter?
This change in protein structure is required for an ion channel to open.
What is a conformational change?
The Goldman equation is dependent on the concentrations and permeability of these three ions.
What are Na+, K+ and Cl-?
This type of pump moves two different types of ions in opposite directions.
What is an exchanger or antiporter?
Two axons walk into a bar. The myelinated axon with the largest diameter (and the most game) walked up to a group of ions and said "Hey babes, let’s get out of here." They all went—he was met with very little ________.
What is resistance?
This ion is larger than sodium without waters of hydration, but smaller than sodium with waters of hydration.
What is K+?
The opening of this type of ion channel depends on the electrical membrane potential.
What is a voltage-gated channel?
This cannot be in flux for the Goldman equation to apply.
what is the membrane potential?
In most neurons the Cl- gradient is maintained by this type of pump that moves Cl- out of the cell.
What are cotransporters?
When these researchers discovered this equation, one said to the others, this is pure ____ ___.
What is Gold man?
After shedding its waters of hydration, this ion is able to get close to strongly negatively charged amino acids and pick up the energy needed to make it through it's selectivity filter.
What is Na+?
These partially determine the size of ions for selectivity, and if large, must be shed before the ion waters the cell.
What are waters of hydration?
This is found by subtracting the potential on the outside of the cell from the potential on the inside of the cell.
What is the membrane potential?
This is the type of pump or transporter that moves Cl-, Na+, and K+ all in the same direction.
What is a symporter?
"Membrane Potential: The Musical" is theatrical depiction of how a the membrane gets its charge. All of the pirates in the audience will have their ______ the movements taking place across the cell membrane.
What is ion?
Pores with weaker, negative amino acids select for this ion.
What is K+?
This type of channel conducts ions across the different voltages and at different rates when open.
What is a rectifying channel?
The Goldman equation can be reduced to this if the permeability is high for a single type of ion.
What is the Nernst equation?