Neurons spend a lot of time watching this on cable.
What is the Ion Channel?
100
These axons, which can be more than 1 mm in diameter, are found here.
What is the mantle of the giant squid? (p. 103)
100
These currents are responsible for most potassium leaks in the sympathetic ganglion cells.
What are the M-currents (potassium) and H-currents (HCN-gated)? (p. 109)
100
When the membrane potential moves away from the threshold for the action potential and becomes more negative, the cell is said to be in this state.
What is hyper-polarized? (video)
100
The Nernst equation is a model for the relationship between these two things.
What are the equilibirum potential and the concentration gradient? (pg 75)
200
Polly Potassium said this to herself after her first date with Mel Membrane.
What is "He's got potential ..."
200
Experiments done on the axon of the giant squid require that this first be removed and replaced with a controlled perfusate.
What is the axoplasm? (p. 103)
200
These channels serve to stabilize the membrane potential.
What are the chloride channels (p. 110)?
200
This is the region of the neuron at which the action potential is generated.
What is the axon hillock? (video)
200
This
EK = 58 log ([K]o/[K]i)
is the Nernst equation for this ion.
What is potassium?
300
An ion channel's favorite kind of cheese.
What is equili BRIE um?
300
The giant squid axon is critical in the control of this function.
What is water-jet propulsion? (Wikipedia)
300
The membrane potential is the potential at which the currents of these two ions are exactly equal and opposite.
What are sodium and potassium? (p. 105)
300
When the membrane potential moves toward and then exceeds the threshold for the action potential, the cell is said to be in this state.
What is depolarized? (video)
300
The Nernst equation can be used for any ion by placing these values in the numerator and denominator, respectively.
What are the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of the ion?
400
The accounting firm that calculated the equilibrium potential.
What is Nernst and Young?
400
The large diameter of the giant squid axon allowed Hodgkin and Huxley to do this, something that would have been either impossible or extremely difficult with a smaller cell.
What is inserting two electrodes, for the voltage clamp technique?
400
This accompanies the entry of potassium and chloride into a cell in order to maintain osmotic balance.
What is water? (p. 103)
400
These electrical signals are capable of combining to depolarize the cell to threshold.
What are local graded potentials?
400
Assuming that 58 mV can be used as the multiplicative constant, and that we are using a base-10 logarithm, changing the concentration ratio in a cell by a factor of 10
should change the membrane potential by this much at room temperature.
What is 58 mV.
500
This has become the hottest eco-tourism spot on the planet, with Na+ tourists rushing to get there.
What is da Polar Ice Station?
500
Although Hodgkin and Huxley were awarded the Nobel prize, Huxley suggested that these two should be given credit, with the Nobel going the second.
Who are J. Z. Young and the squid? (p. 103)
500
As the cation fluxes gradually reach a balance at the resting potential, the intracelllular Cl- concentration does this until there is no net Cl- flux across the membrane.
What is increases? (p. 105)
500
This is roughly the amount of time required for the membrane potential to go from the resting potential to the threshold for the action potential to a strongly depolarized state and then to a hyperpolarized state.
What is 1 millisecond (1/1000-th of a second)
500
He was a German physicist known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in chemistry