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Anxiety that takes form of an irrational and maladaptive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a ______
Phobia
Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Type A
How does an optimistic outlook affect health and longevity?
Optimistics put less stress on themselves therefore increasing health and longevity
When elderly patients take an active part in managing their own care and surroundings, their morale and health tend to improve. Such findings indicate that people do better when they experience an _______ locus of control
Internal
An episode of intense dread that can be accompanied by chest pains, choking sensations, or other frightening sensations is called
panic attack
A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and lows of bipolar disorder is _____
Lithium
A condition that occurs after a period of negative consequences where the person begins to believe they have no control.
learned helplessness
Which of the following is not a stressor?
A. Catastrophes
B. Significant life changes
C. Daily hassles
D. Pessimism
D. Pessimism
Selye's general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of an alarm reaction followed by _________, then _________.
resistance then exhaustion
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Studies show that __ __ _ __ therapy is the most effective treatment for the most psychological disorders
No one type of
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
external locus of control
In what two ways do people try to alleviate stress?
exercise and meditation
Many psychologists reject the "disorders-as-illness" view and instead contend that other factors may also be involved -- for example, the person's bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the ___________ approach.
A. medical
B. epigenetic
C. biopsychosocial
D. diagnostic
C. biopsychosocial
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
generalized anxiety disorder
The symptoms of _______ appear around age 10; ______ tend[s] to appear later, around age 25.
Phobias; Major depressive disorder
under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
tend-and befriend response
What is the faith factor, and what are some possible explanations for the link between faith and health?
having a community of faith creates healthy behaviors(less smoking and drinking), social support (community and close relationships), and positive emotions (less stress and anxiety)
When faced with a situation over which you feel you have little control, you are more likely to turn to ________ focused coping
emotion
repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences; can contribute to depression
rumination
Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having _____-_____ disorder.
Obsessive-Compulsive
a type of coping in which people take direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor
problem-focused coping
The number of short-term illnesses and stress-related psychological disorders was higher than usual in the months following an earthquake. Such findings suggest that:
A. daily hassles have adverse health consequences.
B. experiencing a very stressful event increases a person's vulnerability to illness
C. the amount of stress a person feels is directly related to the number of stressors experienced
D. daily hassles don't cause stress, but catastrophes can be toxic
B. experiencing a very stressful event increases a person's vulnerability to illness
One predictor of psychiatric disorders that crosses ethnic and gender lines is ____________.
poverty
a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
illness anxiety disorder