Theories of Social Deviance
What is the belief that individuals subconsciously notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels over time form the basis of their identity and behavior?
What is the hierarchical organization of a society into groups with differing levels of power, social prestige, and/or status and economic resources.
Stratification
What is the measurement of poverty that measures the point at which a household’s income falls below the necessary level to purchase food?
Absolute poverty
Angela tells people that at the same time Black kids were being kept out of white schools so were other kids of racial minorities, including Latinx kids. The way education focuses on how Black people experience discrimination and hides how multiple forms of racism can happen simultaneously are harmful effects of what view of race?
The Black-white binary
What is the theory that posits that we learn deviance through our association with other deviant people?
Differential Association theory
What class is associated with high education, high financial stability, and being able to hire people to work for them?
Upper middle class
What is a measurement of poverty based on a standard of living in a given location?
Relative poverty
What is the one-rule rule as defined by your book?
The belief that just one drop of Black blood makes a person Black
What view of social deviance deems deviance as necessary and beneficial for clarifying social and moral boundaries?
Functionalism
Alexa comes from a family of wealth and goes to Stanford for her degree. She plans to take over her mother’s company when she retires as the next CEO. From this description, Alexa is part of what social class?
Upper class
What is the self-perpetuating system that makes it difficult or nearly impossible for families to escape poverty?
Cycle of poverty
What are the three ways that race and ethnicity are different as discussed in lecture?
1. Race is externally imposed and Ethnicity is self-defined
2. Race is involuntary and Ethnicity is voluntary
3. Race is primarily based on physical differences and ethnicity is based on cultural ones
What theory argues that social surroundings impacts whether individuals engage in social deviance?
Broken Windows theory
What term, created by Erik Wright, describes positions in the class structure that share characteristics with class positions above and below them?
Contradictory Class Location
What is the term originated by President Lyndon B. Johnson that refers to his intention on using the government to correct inequality and societal failures?
War on poverty
According to your book, what are the four minority responses to domination?
Withdrawal, Passing, Acceptance, Resistance
Giovanni says that laws are unfairly reinforced, explaining that the poor are targeted both by laws and enforcement because the ruling class makes the laws and enforces them. What theory supports Giovanni’s statement?
Conflict theory
What is the term describing how the amount of people in the middle class is decreasing as more people either become part of a higher or lower class?
Disappearing middle class
What are the two critiques of using absolute poverty measures for measuring poverty in the United States?
1. It doesn’t consider the cost of other essentials besides housing
2. It doesn’t consider how the cost of living changes depending on where you live
As discussed in lecture, what are the five core principles of Critical Race Theory?
1. Race is a social construction
2. Racism is ordinary and embedded into all level of society
3. The hierarchical system of race benefits the dominant group (white people) in real, material ways
4. Society racializes different groups in response to shifting needs
5. People of color are uniquely situated to speak about racism