Mechanisms of Evolution
The Evolutionary History of Biological Diversity
Plant Form and Function
Animal Form and Function
Ecology / Animal Behavior
100
All of the following are examples of prezygotic barriers except: a) Habitat isolation b) Behavioral isolation c) Temporal isolation d) Hybrid breakdown
d) Hybrid breakdown
100
Which of the following groups is best characterized as being eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, and without a cell wall? a) Plantae b) Animalia c) Fungi d) Viruses
b) Animalia
100
The driving force for the movement of materials in the xylem of plants is: a) Gravity b) Root Pressure c) Transpiration d) Osmosis
c) Transpiration
100
Oxygen is transported in human blood by which type of cel? a) erythrocytes b) leukocytes c) phagocytes d) B cells
a) erythrocytes
100
A group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same area is best called: a) a community b) a population c) an ecosystem d) a society e) a symbiotic relationship
B) A population
200
Which term describes species that are found only in one particular geographic location? a) behaviorally evolved b) endemic c) speciated d) undergoing behavioral isolation
b) endemic
200
Name an organism with symbiotic associations of photosynthetic microorganisms in a network of fungal hyphae?
Lichens
200
In plants translocation occurs as a result of a) a difference in water potential between a sugar source and a sugar sink b) transpiration c) cohesion-adhesion d) active transport by guard cells
a) a difference in water potential between a sugar source and a sugar sink
200
Salivary amylase, an enzyme secreted in saliva, begins the breakdown of which substance? a) starches b) proteins c) fatty acids d) nucleic acids
a) starches
200
A population of 500 experiences 55 births and 5 deaths during a one-year period. What is the reproductive rate for the population during the one-year period? a) 0.01/year b) 0.05/year c) 0.1/year d) 50/year e) 55/year
C) 0.1/year
300
Which of the following can lead to sympatric speciation? a) migration of a small number of individuals b) natural disaster that cuts off contact between members of the population c) a newly formed river separating segments of a population d) autopolyploidy
d) autopolyploidy
300
Evolution of which feature enabled vertebrates to reproduce successfully on land?
the amniotic egg
300
What does a seed develop from?
an ovule
300
Which structure is primarily responsible for reabsorbing water from the alimentary canal? a) small intestine b) stomach c) pancreas d) large intestine
d) large intestine
300
A population of 500 experiences 55 births and 5 deaths during a one-year period. If the population maintains its current growth pattern, which growth pattern would it have? a) exponential growth b) fluctuating growth c) K-selected growth d) logistic growth e) zero population growth
A) exponential growth
400
Name three ways in which microevolution could take place.
Genetic drift, natural selection, and gene flow
400
In a comparison of birds and mammals, having four appendages is: a) a shared ancestral character b) a shared derived character c) a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals d) an example of analogy rather than homology
a) a shared ancestral character
400
In order to flower, what do short-day plants require?
A period of darkness greater than a critical period
400
An animal’s input of energy and materials would exceed its outputs a) if the animal is an endotherm b) if it is actively foraging for food c) if it is growing and increasing its mass d) never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance
c) if it is growing and increasing its mass
400
Name one process that increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. a) photosynthesis b) slash-and-burn clearing of tropical rain forests c) burning of fossil fuels d) burning of wood for cooking and heating e) burning of gasoline
A) Photosynthesis
500
Mothers and teachers have often said they need another pair of eyes on the backs of their heads. And another pair of hands would come in handy in many situations. You can imagine that these traits would have been advantageous to our hunter-gatherer ancestors as well. According to sound evolutionary reasoning, what is the most likely explanation for why humans do not have these traits? a) Because they actually would not be beneficial to the fitness of individuals who possessed them. Natural selection always produces the most beneficial traits for a particular organism in a particular environment. b) Because every time they have arisen before, the individual mutants bearing these traits have been killed by chance events. Chance and natural selection interact. c) Because these variations have probably never appeared in a healthy human. As tetrapods we are pretty much stuck with a four-limbed, two-eyed body plan; natural selection can only edit existing variations.
c) Because these variations have probably never appeared in a healthy human. As tetrapods we are pretty much stuck with a four-limbed, two-eyed body plan; natural selection can only edit existing variations.
500
An outgroup is a species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage under study. If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best outgroup? a) lion b) domestic cat c) wolf d) leopard
c) wolf
500
Which of the following does not occur in a signal transduction pathway? a) stimulation of the receptor by a relay molecule b) expression of specific genes c) activation of protein kinases d) phosphorylation of transcription factors
a) stimulation of the receptor by a relay molecule
500
Which hormone / substance results in more concentrated urine? a) Antidiuretic hormone b) Calcitonin c) Parathyroid hormone d) Prolactin e) Thyroxine
A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
500
The transition from a tropical rain forest to a savanna is marked by fewer and fewer trees. This is most likely caused by changes in: a) temperature b) rainfall c) the length of the growing season d) the average length of daytime
B) Rainfall
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