Body Systems
Which organ system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide?
What is the respiratory system.
What cell process produces two identical daughter cells and is used in asexual reproduction?
What is mitosis
What structure of angiosperms contains the ovules (eggs) and will become fruit when fertilized?
What is an ovary.
What are the male reproductive cells called?
How many parents are required for asexual reproduction?
Which system contains the heart and blood vessels and moves nutrients and gases throughout the body?
What is the circulatory system.
In which process do cells divide to form gametes (sperm and egg) with half the number of chromosomes?
What is meiosis
What is the sticky top part of the pistil where pollen lands called?
What is the stigma.
Where are sperm produced in males?
What are the testes or testicles.
List one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction from the notes.
Advantage — keeps useful characteristics; offspring produced quickly. Disadvantage — lack of genetic variation, lowered resistance to disease, or overcrowding competition.
Name two functions of the skeletal system.
What is protection of organs, storage of minerals/fat, movement, blood cell formation.
True or False: Mitosis increases genetic variation between parent and offspring.
False — mitosis produces identical copies (clones), so little genetic variation.
Name two helpers (agents) of pollination mentioned in the notes.
Wind and insects (also birds can be accepted).
What is the name of the tube that connects the ovary to the uterus and through which an egg travels?
What are the fallopian tubes.
Name two methods of asexual reproduction described in the notes.
Any two of — binary fission, budding, fragmentation, parthenogenesis, vegetative reproduction, spore formation.
Which organ system regulates body functions by releasing chemicals (hormones) into the blood?
What is the endocrine system.
During which cell division process would crossing-over (exchange of genetic material) occur?
What is meiosis (specifically during prophase I)
What is the main difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms in how they produce seeds?
Gymnosperms produce seeds on cones (no flowers); angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in fruit and have flowers.
What is ovulation?
What is the release of an egg (ova) from an ovary.
Which method of asexual reproduction describes a unicellular organism splitting into two equal parts?
What is Binary fission.
Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to oxygenate body cell.
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs; oxygen passes into the blood; the circulatory system carries that oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide to be exhaled.
Describe one reason why organisms use mitosis and one reason why organisms use meiosis (short answer)
Answer: Mitosis — growth, repair, asexual reproduction (produces identical cells). Meiosis — produces gametes for sexual reproduction and increases genetic variation.
Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Self-pollination — pollen from a flower lands on its own stigma; cross-pollination — pollen from one flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same species.
Give the correct scientific term for the very first cell formed after fertilization.
What is a zygote.
What is parthenogenesis?
A form of asexual reproduction where females produce eggs that develop without fertilization (seen in some invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, many plants; none known in mammals).