Nutrients
DNA/RNA
Naming Compounds
Functional Groups
Elements/Ions/Isotopes
100
What type of nutrient is fiber and why is it important in the diet?
Carbohydrate; aids digestion and prevents sugar spikes in the blood.
100
What are the 3 parts of the DNA subunit or nucleotide?
Deoxyribose sugar + phosphate + base (A/T/G/C)
100
What is the name of this compound? FeSO4
Iron (II) sulfate
100
What is the functional group for an aldehyde?
-C=O -H
100
Why is the hydrogen ion H+ important?
Basis of the PH scale
200
What types of fats cause atherosclerosis?
Trans fat Saturated Fat Cholesterol
200
What are the three parts of the subunits or nucleotides of RNA?
Ribose sugar + phosphate + base (A/U/G/C)
200
What is the name of this compound? Pb (NO3)3
Lead (III) nitrate
200
What is the functional group for an ester?
-C=O -O-R
200
How does nervous transmission occur?
It's the active transport or pumping of Na+ and K+ ions across the membrane to momentarily change the charge across the membrane.
300
How many different amino acids make up proteins? How do they differ?
20 and they differ in one side chain
300
How does DNA replicate (double) itself prior to mitosis?
The double helix unzips and new nucleotide come and base pair with the open strands.
300
What is the name of this compound? NH4Cl
Ammonium chloride
300
What is the functional group for a ketone?
-C=O -R
300
How are radioisotopes used in medicine?
For nuclear imaging (PET) and CT diagnosis For treating diseases such as cancer
400
What is glycogen and where is it found?
Animal starch or polysaccharide found in the liver
400
How does DNA make new proteins?
DNA is copied (transcribed) by (m)RNA which then goes to the ribosome to translate the genetic code (3 base sequence) into sequences of amino acids.
400
What is the name of this compound? CCl4
Carbon tetrachloride
400
What is the functional group for an amide?
-C=O -NH2
400
How do you tell the difference between the mass number of the element and the mass number of the isotope?
The mass number of the element matches that of the periodic table.
500
What are two functions of proteins?
Body structures and enzymes
500
What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes and genes?
Smallest to largest: DNA to genes to chromosomes
500
What is the name of this compound? P2O5
Diphosphorus pentoxide
500
What two functional groups are in a subunit of protein?
Amine and Acid functional groups -NH2 and -COOH
500
How do elements get their oxidation numbers as ions?
They gain electrons (negative ion) or lose electrons (positive ion) to make 2 electrons in the first energy level and 8 in the second energy level.
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