Anatomy
Hair cells bending towards the utricle in the horizontal SCCs cause the same response as hair cells bending away from the utricle in the VERTICAL SCCs
What is EXCITATION
Injury to this cranial nerve causes vertical diplopia (double vision)?
What is cranial nerve IV
What is a slow phase?
During acute vertigo from a left vestibular impairment the patients feels like they are rotating this direction
What is to the right?
SVV tilt, rotary chair VOR asymmetry values, vHIT gain and dynamic visual acuity can all be measured to assess this process.
What is compensation?
Sensory neurons with the vestibular branch of the 8th cranial nerve
What is Scarpa's ganglion
This type of head movement stimulates the SCC and stabilizes gaze thru the VOR.
What is angular acceleration or angular rotation?
Acute vestibular lesion causes a change in the excitation and inhibition properties of peripheral organs causes this eye movement
What is nystagmus
A low tech/bedside screener for vestibulo-spinal tract (VSR) dysfunction
What is the CTSIB
This questionnaire assesses a patient's confidence in activities of daily living.
What is the ABC?
This is the relay center for peripheral and central vestibular information.
What are the vestibular nuclei
This mechanism is thought to extend the time constants of SCC peripheral inputs for low frequency head motion/acceleration. It is also sacrificed/impaired during the compensation process after a unilateral vestibular hypofunction.
What is velocity storage?
During this static test, tasking is recommended and abnormal nystagmus typically does not fatigue.
What are positional tests?
Negative skew, unidirectional gaze induced nystagmus, and corrective saccades with unilateral head impulse
What are the 3 signs of peripheral vestibular dysfunction from the HiNTS test
During VNG testing this is measured in deg/sec and can be assessed during sitting or supine positions
What is nystagmus?
Contains neural signals from the posterior SCC and the saccule to the vestibular nuclei
What is the inferior vestibular nerve branch
This is always acting on the otolith organs and deflecting hair cells when we are standing still so we always have a sense of vertical orientation.
What is gravity?
What is cerebellar clamping?
What is the DVA - dynamic visual acuity test
This is a typical cause or finding during the VNG that can trigger an abnormal directional preoponderance %
Spontaneous nystagmus
This is the ipsilateral pathway that descends from the brainstem to the spinal cord and activates extensor muscles to maintain balance.
What is the lateral vestibulo-spinal tract
The fastigial nucleus and flocculus are two important sections of this structure for normal oculomotor function.
What is the cerebellum?
This type of vestibular rehabilitation therapy is responsible for adjusting the VOR gain to improve gaze stability.
What is adaptation
These eye muscles are activated during a head left head turn, by the peripheral vestibular system
What is the ipsi medial rectus and the contra lateral rectus
This test produces the best response with low frequency sounds and the vibration of the high intensity SPL stimulates the saccule. Also, you can have a normal response if you are deaf in the test ear.
What is the cVEMP?