DNA & RNA
Transcription & Translation
Mutations
Gene Regulation
Genetic Technology & Big Ideas
100
This nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA.
What is uracil?
100
This process copies genetic information from DNA into mRNA.
What is transcription?
100
A mutation is a change in this molecule.
What is DNA?
100
This type of DNA region contains the instructions for building a protein.
What is a coding region?
100
This technology is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
200
This sugar is found in DNA nucleotides but not RNA nucleotides.
What is deoxyribose?
200
This cellular structure is the site of protein synthesis.
What is the ribosome?
200
A mutation that changes one nucleotide into another is called this type of mutation.
What is a substitution mutation?
200
These regions of DNA do not directly code for proteins but often help control when genes are turned on or off.
What are non-coding regions?
200
Scientists use this genetic technology to directly edit DNA sequences.
What is CRISPR?
300
This type of RNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA (messenger RNA)?
300
A DNA strand contains the sequence: TAC GGA CCT ATT
After transcription, this mRNA sequence is produced.
What is AUG CCU GGA UAA?
300
A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides and changes every codon after is called this type of mutation.
What is a frameshift mutation?
300
This field of biology studies changes in gene expression that occur without changing the DNA sequence itself.
What is epigenetics?
300
Genes influence traits because genes code for these molecules.
What are proteins?
400
A DNA strand containing the sequence TAC GGA would pair with this complementary DNA sequence.
What is ATG CCT?
400
During translation, tRNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring these building blocks to the ribosome, where they are joined together to form a protein.
What are amino acids?
400
A substitution mutation changes the codon GAA to GAG. Because both codons code for glutamic acid, this type of mutation has occurred.
What is a silent mutation?
400
This process occurs when methyl groups attach to DNA and may prevent a gene from being expressed.
What is DNA methylation?
400
Although nerve cells and muscle cells contain the same DNA, they become specialized because different genes are turned on and off through this process.
What is gene regulation?
500
This type of RNA contains an anticodon that pairs with an mRNA codon and delivers the correct amino acid during protein synthesis.
What is tRNA (transfer RNA)?
500
A student begins with the DNA sequence TAC TTT GAC ATT. After transcription and translation, the third amino acid produced is this one.
What is leucine?
(AUG AAA CUG UAA → Met-Lys-Leu-Stop)
500
True or False: Every mutation results in a harmful change to an organism's traits.
What is False?
500
This process causes unspecialized cells to become specialized cells with unique structures and functions.
What is cell differentiation?
500
True or False? Changes in gene expression can occur without changing the DNA sequence itself.
What is True?