Catholic Monarchs
Who were the Catholic Monarchs?
Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragon
Who invented the printing press?
Gutenberg
Who were the conversos?
People that had converted to Catholicism
Name four characteristics of Humanism
Anthropocentrism, freedom and reason over faith, scientific interest, rediscovery of Antiquity, Human progress, education.
Modern Ages
A period in history that followed the Middle Ages, generally considered to begin in the late 15th century with events like the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration. It lasted from 1492 (discovery of America) to 1789 (French Revolucion)
Two consequences of the invention of the printing press
Spread of knowledge, more access to information, increase in the number of books, spread of protestant ideas...
Type of monarchy established by the Catholic Monarchs
Authoritarian monarchy
Who was Martin Lutero?
A German monk German monk, who in 1517 nailed his 95 Theses, challenging the Catholic Church's practices, especially the sale of indulgences. His ideas led to the creation of Protestantism.
Renaissance
A cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement that began in Italy in the 14th century and spread across Europe. It is characterized by a renewed interest in the classical arts, humanism, and the development of perspective in art.
What was the motto of Catholic Monarchs?
Tanto Monta, Monta Tanto
The Catholic Monarchs conquered Granada. What did this signify?
The end of the reconquista
In 1492 the Catholic Monarchs conquered __________ the last Muslim territory in Spain
Granada
- Luxurious lifestyle of the high clergy
- Lack of culture and weakening of moral standards of the clergy
- The indulgences
- Corruption (selling of ecclesiastical positions)
Council of Trent
A series of meetings (1545–1563) held by the Roman Catholic Church to address issues raised by the Protestant Reformation. It reaffirmed Catholic doctrines, reformed church practices, and clarified key theological positions.
Which two religious groups were threatened with expulsion unless they changed religion?
Jews and Muslims
How did Isabel of Castilla get the throne?
After a civil war against his niece Juana la Beltraneja.
How did Isabella limit the powers of the privileged?
Royal institutions, professional armies, centralised administration, increasing of taxes, no more land granted...
What is the universal priesthood?
all baptised believers have direct access to God (without the need of clergy)
Humanism
An intellectual movement that emphasized the study of classical texts from Greece and Rome, focusing on human potential, the importance of reason, rather than strictly religious teachings.
The Catholic monarchs centralized power by weakening the ................, creating a ....................., and increasing..............
nobility/professional or permanent army OR Authoritarian monarchy/taxes.
Explain the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs
They conquered the Nasrid kingdom of Granada after a ten-year war. Boabdil surrendered in 1492.
What was the Inquisition?
religious institution by Catholic Monarchs to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain. It sought to root out heresy, particularly among Jews, Muslims, and converted Christians (known as conversos). The Inquisition used methods such as trials, torture, and executions to enforce religious uniformity.
Is a characteristic of which religion?: salvation trough faith and denial of the sovereignty of the Pope.
Protestantism (more specifically: lutheranism)
Dynastic Union
During the Catholic Monarchs period, the type of union in which Castilla and Aragón were governed beneath the same dynasty (Trastámara), but maintained their laws, institutions, boundaries...