MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
What are the 2 effects of Genetic Drift?
Founders Effect & Bottleneck Effect
Fossils are a very reliable source because...
They preserve the species bones and teeth and also provides as a snapshot of past life.
What are the differences between prezygotic and postzygotic barriers?
Prezygotic isolation prevents the fertilization of eggs while Postzygotic isolation prevents the formation of fertile offspring
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes.....
populations remain constant(same) generation to generation without any influence(mechanism) acting on it.
Galapagos Finches have different beaks, how did natural selection play a role?
By allowing them to use their beaks to catch insects, seeds, etc.
Mutation in bacteria leading to antibiotic resistance is an example of what mechanism?
Mutations Selection
What are the three Comparative Anatomy?
Homologous structures, Vestigial structures, Analogous structures
What are the three prezygotic barriers: before fertilization?
Behavioral isolation, Temporal isolation, Mechanical isolation
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium serves as...
The baseline to detect whether evolution is occurring.
What are selection pressures?
Any environmental factor that influences which individuals have a higher FITNESS LEVEL (survive and reproduce).
Pollination across regions spreading genetic material is an example of what mechanism?
Gene Flow (Migration)
How does molecular biology help the study of evolution?
They provide evidence that's not visible in fossils.
What are the two postzygotic barriers: after fertilization hybridization?
Hybrid sterility and Hybrid inviability
True or False, If a butterfly migrates into another butterfly population and mates with them is the population still in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
False, because the migrated butterfly is bringing new alleles.
A cat wants to got to her friends house but she cant because of the river and she HATES water. What kind of speciation is this?
Allopatric
A peppered moth during the industrial revolution is an example of what kind of mechanism?
Natural Selection
What does the results of embryology suggest?
Species shared ancestry and common development pathways
What are the differences between Sympatric and Parapatric speciation?
Sympatric population that live in the same area while, Parapatric when two groups of population are next to each other
A population of frogs have been stable generation but suddenly a mutation occurs in one of the frog giving them blue skin. What will be the result from this situation?
The frog will mate with another frog and pass new traits, and cause the equilibrium to become broken.
What are the 4 selection pressures?
competition, human influence, environmental change, predation
What is the differences between non-random and random mating?
Non-Random is mating with consideration of traits such as color, size, fur meanwhile Random mating occurs without consideration of traits.
In the law of superposition what is the oldest layer?
The Bottom
what is an ALLOPATRIC PHYSICAL BARRIER?
a natural wall, such as a mountain range or larger river, that divides a population
For the equilibrium to hold, what 5 condition must be met?
No mutations, gene flow(migration), genetic drift (including founder and bottleneck effect), no natural selection, non-random mating
A donkey and a horse crossbreed and created a mule. Is the mule fertile or sterile?
Sterile (cannot create offsprings)