OLD WAY OF THINKING
People in the Middle Ages trusted this ancient thinker more than experiments.
Aristotle
Aristotle believed all knowledge begins with this.
experience/observation (our senses)
The Scientific Revolution encouraged using this instead of relying only on old books.
Experimentation
He proposed the heliocentric model, placing the Sun at the center.
Copernicus
True or false: The Catholic Church always opposed science.
False
This model said Earth was at the center of the universe.
Geocentric model
According to Aristotle, humans are special because they can do this.
Reason/think
The new way of thinking relied on three tools: observation, experimentation, and this.
Mathematics
This scientist improved the telescope and studied the heavens.
Galileo
Why did some people think heliocentrism conflicted with Scripture?
Some verses describe the Sun “moving.”
One major problem with the old way was that explanations relied mainly on this instead of testing.
reasoning/logic without experimentation.
This type of reasoning moves from general ideas to specific conclusions.
Deductive Reasoning
This term describes testing ideas instead of just accepting them.
The Scientific method
He discovered planets move in ellipses.
Kepler
What did St. Augustine teach about Scripture and science?
Scripture teaches how to go to Heaven, not how the heavens go.
Name two reasons people accepted Aristotle for over 1,000 years.
His ideas seemed logical, tools didn’t exist to challenge him, universities taught his books, people trusted tradition.
Why was Aristotle’s philosophy so attractive to medieval scholars?
It was organized, logical, and helped explain the natural world.
Why did new tools like telescopes help start the Scientific Revolution?
They allowed people to see things that ancient thinkers couldn’t observe.
How did the Edict of Nantes help France recover?
It brought peace and unity after decades of war
Why did Galileo get in trouble with the Church in 1632?
He mocked the pope in his dialogue and broke instructions to treat both sides fairly.
Give one example of an observation that didn’t match Aristotle’s explanations.
Planets didn’t move in perfect circles; motion sometimes continued after force stopped; moon wasn’t perfect.
These two Catholic thinkers helped show that Aristotle and Catholic faith were compatible.
St. Thomas Aquinas and Albert the Great
Explain one reason why the Scientific Revolution was NOT a rejection of faith.
Many scientists were Catholic; Church funded science; discoveries were seen as revealing God’s design.
Why did Copernicus delay publishing his book for 25 years?
He feared ridicule and controversy, even though educated Catholics encouraged him.
Explain one reason why the Galileo trial is more complex than “Church vs science.”
He wasn’t tortured; Church funded science; miscommunication and pride played roles; debate was about interpretation, not rejecting science.