The brain
Define "Memory"
The encoding, storing and retrieval of different types of information.
What research method is known for having a large sample size?
Surveys
Define probability sampling and give one example.
where every member of a population has a known, chance of being selected for a study. It is the most representative type of sampling.
Random sampling or stratified sampling.
What does high ecological validity mean?
Means that the results of a research study can be truly generalized and applied to real-life, everyday situations
What part of the brain creates new long term memories?
Hippocampus
Define "cognitive processes" and name one example of one.
Cognitive processes are the mental activities involved in gaining knowledge and understanding.
ex: memory
What is the only research method that can test a hypothesis and establish causation?
Experiments
This sampling technique is based around participants recommending others who have similar characteristics
Snowball sampling
What does internal validity mean?
the degree to which a research study proves a true cause-and-effect relationship between variables without interference from outside or confounding factors (because it is highly standardized/controlled)
What role does the amygdala play in memory formation?
It tags emotionally arousing experiences with more significance (the more emotional = the more likely you are to remember)
Define "biological factors" and give an example by naming one.
Biological Factors are physical influences on behaviour, such as physiology and anatomy.
Ex: Localization of function
What research method is known for having higher ecological validity because participants are studied in more natural environments.
Observations
What sampling technique relies on participants choosing to be part of the research?
Volunteer/ self-selected sampling
What does construct validity refer to?
the degree to which research accurately measures what it says it does. Often the abstract, unobservable concepts.
The cerebellum forms procedural and motor memories.
Explain the principle of localization of function
The principle that specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific functions in behaviour or cognition.
Which research method is known to provide in-depth, qualitative data?
Interviews
What sampling technique relies on the researching using the people who are free and available at the time?
Opportunity sampling
What does it mean to "operationalize" all variables?
To be very clear about what and how you are study something.
What role does the frontal lobe play in the brain?
Frontal lobe is the control center for higher-level cognitive processes (decision making, organization, impulse control)
What is one brain imaging technique used to study the brain? Name it and explain how it works.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)- a machine that uses magnets and radio waves to take images of the soft tissues and internal structures of the body.
This particular research method tests the strength of trends/patterns.
Correlational studies
What type of sampling divides the population into subgroups based on shared characteristics? Is this probability or non probability sampling?
Stratified sampling. This is probability sampling.
What things do we consider when we want to evaluate a study or a theory? (give the acronym and then name each aspect).
GRAVE
G-Generalizability/transferability, R- Reliability, A-Applicability, V-Validity, E-Ethical considerations