Nationalism & Imperialism
What is Nationalism?
Strong loyalty and pride in one's country, ethnic group, or culture.
What major economic change did the Industrial Revolution bring?
A shift toward machine-based manufacturing and factory production.
What was the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885?
A meeting where European powers established rules for claiming territory in Africa.
What were sepoys?
Indian soldiers recruited to serve under British authority.
Name one African country that successfully resisted European imperialism.
Ethiopia or Liberia.
What German leader used Realpolitik to help unify Germany?
Otto von Bismarck.
Why did industrialized countries want new markets?
To sell the goods they produced.
What canal did Britain seize control of in Egypt in 1882?
The Suez Canal.
What was the name for the period of direct British rule in India?
The British Raj.
Who was the Ethiopian leader who modernized his country and prepared it to resist Italy?
Menelik II.
What Italian leader helped unite Italy by fighting wars and joining forces with the King of Sardinia?
Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Why did industrialized countries want raw materials from other regions?
To supply factories and produce manufactured goods.
What medicine helped Europeans explore deeper into Africa?
Quinine
Why did the new rifle cartridges anger many Hindu and Muslim soldiers?
They were reportedly greased with cow and pig fat, offending religious beliefs.
What 1896 battle saw Ethiopia defeat Italy?
The Battle of Adwa.
What does Realpolitik mean?
Practical politics based on reality rather than ideology.
How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?
Industrialized countries sought raw materials, resources, and markets for their products.
Who controlled the Congo Free State and exploited its people for rubber and ivory?
King Leopold II of Belgium.
What rebellion against British rule began in India in 1857?
The Sepoy Rebellion.
What did European powers have to demonstrate under the Berlin Conference's principle of effective occupation?
They had to establish an actual presence or control in the territory they claimed.
What is imperialism, and how does it affect another country?
When one country dominates another country's political, economic, or cultural life.
How could imperialism harm the economy of a colonized country?
Foreign-made goods could undercut local products and weaken native industries, as happened with Indian textiles.
What percentage of Africa was under European control by 1914?
Approximately 90%.
What major political change followed the Sepoy Rebellion?
The British government took direct control of India, replacing the British East India Company's official rule.
Name one way people resisted imperialism.
They organized rebellions, formed nationalist groups, or attempted to modernize and strengthen their countries.